Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2017.28.1.20

Twenty-Five Years of Physical Punishment Research: What Have We Learned?  

Durrant, Joan E. (Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba)
Ensom, Ron (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / v.28, no.1, 2017 , pp. 20-24 More about this Journal
Abstract
Over the past quarter century, research on physical punishment has proliferated. Almost without exception, these studies have identified physical punishment as a risk factor in children's behavioral, emotional, cognitive and brain development. At the same time, the United Nations has established that physical punishment constitutes a breach of children's basic human rights to protection and dignity. Together, research findings and human rights standards have propelled profound global change. To date, 51 countries have prohibited all physical punishment of children. In this article, we review the literature on physical punishment within its historical context, and provide recommendations for health professionals working with families.
Keywords
Physical punishment; Corporal punishment; Child abuse; Child development; Children's rights;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 MacMillan HL, Boyle MH, Wong MY, Duku EK, Fleming JE, Walsh CA. Slapping and spanking in childhood and its association with lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a general population sample. CMAJ 1999;161:805-809.
2 Afifi TO, Brownridge DA, Cox BJ, Sareen J. Physical punishment, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders. Child Abuse Negl 2006;30:1093-1103.   DOI
3 Turner HA, Muller PA. Long-term effects of child corporal punishment on depressive symptoms in young adults potential moderators and mediators. J Fam Issues 2004;25:761-782.   DOI
4 Javo C, Ronning JA, Heyerdahl S, Rudmin FW. Parenting correlates of child behavior problems in a multiethnic community sample of preschool children in northern Norway. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;13:8-18.   DOI
5 Rodriguez CM. Parental discipline and abuse potential affects on child depression, anxiety, and attributions. J Marriage Fam 2003;65:809-817.   DOI
6 Gershoff ET, Grogan-Kaylor A. Spanking and child outcomes: old controversies and new meta-analyses. J Fam Psychol 2016;30:453-469.   DOI
7 Coyl DD, Roggman LA, Newland LA. Stress, maternal depression, and negative mother-infant interactions in relation to infant attachment. Infant Ment Health J 2002;23:145-163.   DOI
8 Palmer EJ, Hollin CR. Sociomoral reasoning, perceptions of parenting and self-reported delinquency in adolescents. Appl Cogn Psychol 2001;15:85-100.   DOI
9 Bugental DB, Martorell GA, Barraza V. The hormonal costs of subtle forms of infant maltreatment. Horm Behav 2003;43:237-244.   DOI
10 McGowan PO, Sasaki A, D'Alessio AC, Dymov S, Labonte B, Szyf M, et al. Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse. Nat Neurosci 2009;12:342-348.   DOI
11 Day DE, Roberts MW. An analysis of the physical punishment component of a parent training program. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1983;11:141-152.   DOI
12 Bussman Kai-D, Erthal C, Schroth A. Effects of banning corporal punishment in Europe: a five-nation comparison. In: Durrant JE, Smith AB, editors. Global pathways to abolishing physical punishment: realizing children's rights. New York: Routledge;2011. p.299-322.
13 Straus MA. Some social antecedents of physical punishment: a linkage theory interpretation. J Marriage Fam 1971;33:658-663.   DOI
14 Azrin NH, Hake DF, Hutchinson RR. Elicitation of aggression by a physical blow. J Exp Anal Behav 1965;8:55-57.   DOI
15 Fairchild L, Erwin WM. Physical punishment by parent figures as a model of aggressive behavior in children. J Genet Psychol 1977;130:279-284.   DOI
16 Forgatch MS. The clinical science vortex: a developing theory of antisocial behavior. In: Pepler DJ, Rubin KH, editors. The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Hillsdale, MJ: Erlbaum; 1991. p.291-315.
17 Straus MA, Sugarman DB, Giles-Sims J. Spanking by parents and subsequent antisocial behavior of children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:761-767.   DOI
18 Gunnoe ML, Mariner CL. Toward a developmental-contextual model of the effects of parental spanking on children's aggression. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:768-775.   DOI
19 Grogan-Kaylor A. Corporal punishment and the growth trajectory of children's antisocial behavior. Child Maltreat 2005;10:283-292.   DOI
20 Mulvaney MK, Mebert CJ. Parental corporal punishment predicts behavior problems in early childhood. J Fam Psychol 2007;21:389-397.   DOI
21 Straus MA. Discipline and deviance: physical punishment of children and violence and other crime in adulthood. Social Problems 1991;38:133-154.   DOI
22 Global initiative to end all corporal punishment of children. [cited 2016 Sep 25]. Available from: www.endcorporalpunishment.org.
23 Straus MA. Ordinary violence, child abuse, and wife-beating: what do they have in common? In: Finkelhor D, Gelles RJ, Hotaling GT, Straus MA, editors. The dark side of families: current family violence research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage;1983. p.213-234.
24 Travillion K, Snyder J. The role of maternal discipline and involvement in peer rejection and neglect. J Appl Dev Psychol 1993;14:37-57.   DOI
25 Larzelere R. Moderate spanking: model or deterrent of children's aggression in the family? J Fam Violence 1986;1:27-36.   DOI
26 Trocme N, MacLaurin B, Fallon B, Daciuk J, Billingsley D, Tourigny M, et al. Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect: final report. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada;2001.
27 Slade EP, Wissow LS. Spanking in early childhood and later behavior problems: a prospective study of infants and young toddlers. Pediatrics 2004;113:1321-1330.   DOI
28 Taylor CA, Manganello JA, Lee SJ, Rice JC. Mothers' spanking of 3-year-old children and subsequent risk of children's aggressive behavior. Pediatrics 2010;125:e1057-e1065.   DOI
29 Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Bremner JD, Walker JD, Whitfield C, Perry BD, et al. The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006;256:174-186.   DOI
30 Trocme N, Fallon B, MacLaurin B, Daciuk J, Felstiner C, Black T, et al. Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect-2003: major findings. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada;2005.
31 Clement ME, Bouchard C, Jette M, Laferriere S. La violence familiale dans la vie des enfants du Quebec. Quebec: Institut de la statistique du Quebec;2000.
32 Crandall M, Chiu B, Sheehan K. Injury in the first year of life: risk factors and solutions for high-risk families. J Surg Res 2006;133:7-10.   DOI
33 Zolotor AJ, Theodore AD, Chang JJ, Berkoff MC, Runyan DK. Speak softly--and forget the stick. Corporal punishment and child physical abuse. Am J Prev Med 2008;35:364-369.   DOI
34 Dietrich D, Berkowitz L, Kadushin A, McGloin J. Some factors influencing abusers' justification of their child abuse. Child Abuse Negl 1990;14:337-345.   DOI
35 Aucoin KJ, Frick PJ, Bodin SD. Corporal punishment and child adjustment. J Appl Dev Psychol 2006;27:527-541.   DOI
36 Korbin JE. Incarcerated mothers' perceptions and interpretations of their fatally maltreated children. Child Abuse Negl 1987;11:397-407.   DOI
37 Wolfe DA. Child abuse: implications for child development and psychopathology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage;1987.
38 Jaffee SR, Christian CW. The biological embedding of child abuse and neglect implications for policy and practice. Soc Policy Rep 2014;28:3-19.
39 Straus MA, Paschall MJ. Corporal punishment by mothers and development of children's cognitive ability: a longitudinal study of two nationally representative age cohorts. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma 2009;18:459-483.   DOI
40 Gershoff ET. Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: a meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychol Bull 2002;128:539-579.   DOI
41 Fine SE, Trentacosta CJ, Izard CE, Mostow AJ, Campbell JL. Anger perception, caregivers' use of physical discipline, and aggression in children at risk. Soc Dev 2004;13:213-228.   DOI
42 Lansford JE, Chang L, Dodge KA, Malone PS, Oburu P, Palmerus K, et al. Physical discipline and children's adjustment: cultural normativeness as a moderator. Child Dev 2005;76:1234-1246.   DOI
43 Ohene SA, Ireland M, McNeely C, Borowsky IW. Parental expectations, physical punishment, and violence among adolescents who score positive on a psychosocial screening test in primary care. Pediatrics 2006;117:441-447.   DOI
44 Sheu YS, Polcari A, Anderson CM, Teicher MH. Harsh corporal punishment is associated with increased T2 relaxation time in dopamine-rich regions. Neuroimage 2010;53:412-419.   DOI
45 MacKenzie MJ, Nicklas E, Waldfogel J, Brooks-Gunn J. Corporal punishment and child behavioral and cognitive outcomes through 5 years-of-age: evidence from a contemporary urban birth cohort study. Infant Child Dev 2012;21:3-33.   DOI
46 Bradley RH, Convyn RF, Burchinal M, McAdoo HP, Coll CG. The home environments of children in the United States part II: relations with behavioral development through age thirteen. Child Dev 2001;72:1868-1886.   DOI
47 Tomoda A, Suzuki H, Rabi K, Sheu YS, Polcari A, Teicher MH. Reduced prefrontal cortical gray matter volume in young adults exposed to harsh corporal punishment. Neuroimage 2009;47 Suppl 2:T66-T71.
48 Luby J, Belden A, Botteron K, Marrus N, Harms MP, Babb C, et al. The effects of poverty on childhood brain development: the mediating effect of caregiving and stressful life events. JAMA Pediatr 2013;167:1135-1142.   DOI
49 Teicher MH, Samson JA, Anderson CM, Ohashi K. The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016;17:652-666.   DOI
50 Boutwell BB, Franklin CA, Barnes JC, Beaver KM. Physical punishment and childhood aggression: the role of gender and gene-environment interplay. Aggress Behav 2011;37:559-568.   DOI
51 Grogan-Kaylor A. The effect of corporal punishment on antisocial behavior in children. Soc Work Res 2004;28:153-162.   DOI
52 Pagani L, Tremblay R, Nagin D, Zoccolillo M, Vitaro F, McDuff P. Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward mothers. Int J Behav Dev 2004;28:528-537.   DOI
53 You S, Lim SA. Development pathways from abusive parenting to delinquency: the mediating role of depression and aggression. Child Abuse Negl 2015;46:152-162.   DOI
54 Beauchaine TP, Webster-Stratton C, Reid MJ. Mediators, moderators, and predictors of 1-year outcomes among children treated for early-onset conduct problems: a latent growth curve analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005;73:371-388.   DOI
55 Gershoff ET. Should parents' physical punishment of children be considered a source of toxic stress that affects brain development? Fam Relat 2016;65;151-162.   DOI
56 Durrant JE, Ensom R, Coalition on Physical Punishment of Children and Youth. Joint statement on physical punishment of children and youth. Ottawa, ON: The Coaltion;2004.
57 National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. Children's emotional development is built into the architecture of their brains 2004. Working Paper No. 2. [cited 2016 Sep 25]. Available from: http://developingchild.net.
58 Durrant JE, Smith AB. Global pathways to abolishing physical punishment: realizing children's rights. New York: Routledge;2011.
59 Durrant JE. Positive discipline in everyday parenting. Stockholm: Save the Children Sweden;2013.
60 Goleman D. Social intelligence: the new science of social relationships. New York: Bantam Books; 2006.
61 Oberle E, Schonert-Reichl KA, Guhn M, Zumbo BD, Hertzman C. The role of supportive adults in promoting positive development in middle childhood: a population-based study. Can J Sch Psychol 2014;29:296-316.   DOI
62 Pepler D, Craig W, Haner D. Healthy development depends on healthy relationships. Ottawa: PREVNet Healthy Relationships Project, Division of Childhood and Adolescence, Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada;2012.
63 Holden GW. Childrearing and developmental trajectories: positive pathways, off-ramps, and dynamic processes. Child Dev Perspect 2010;4:197-204.   DOI
64 UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. General comment No. 8 (2006): The Right of the Child to Protection from Corporal Punishment and Other Cruel or Degrading Forms of Punishment (Arts. 19; 28, Para. 2; and 37, inter alia), 2 March 2007, CRC/C/GC/8. [cited 2016 Sep 25]. Available from: http://www.refworld.org/docid/460bc7772.html.