Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2012.23.4.196

A Pilot Study of the Usefulness of Intelligence Test in Assessment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder  

Min, Jung-Won (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
Lee, Won-Hye (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
Hong, Min-Ha (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
Bahn, Geon Ho (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / v.23, no.4, 2012 , pp. 196-203 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives:We analyzed the usefulness of intelligence test in assessing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods:The medical records of 312 patients with ADHD who visited the child psychiatry department in one university hospital in Seoul, Korea, were reviewed. Demographic data and scores on the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) and Korean-Conners' Parent Rating Scale (K-CPRS) were analyzed. To assess the relationship with comorbidities, AD-HD subjects were classified as; externalizing disorders, internalizing disorders, tic disorders, and no comorbidities. Results:Verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) was significantly higher than performance IQ (PIQ)($102.6{\pm}14.44$, $99.2{\pm}14.48$, p<.001). Using mean scatter method, subtest scores such as 'information, similarities, digit span and coding' were significantly lower than mean scores of sum of subtests of VIQ or PIQ (p<.05). Regarding comorbidities, children with externalizing disorders exhibited. Lower scores on 'information and vocabulary' than other groups (p=.008). Children with no comorbidities exhibited higher scores on 'similarities and object assembly' than children with externalizing/internalizing disorders (p=.001) and also on 'comprehension' than children with externalizing disorders (p=.006). For subtypes of ADHD, children with hyperactive-impulsive type had higher scores on 'comprehension' than children with inattentive and combined type (p=.004). Conclusion:These results suggested that intelligence test might provide useful information for assessing ADHD.
Keywords
ADHD; Intelligence Test; Comorbidity; Subtype;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Barkley RA. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford press;1998.
2 Barkley RA. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford press;2006.
3 Cheon KA, Kim JH, Kang H, Kim BN, Shin D, Ahn D, et al. The Korean practice parameter for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (II): diagnosis and assessment. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;18:10-15.   과학기술학회마을
4 Jepsen JR, Fagerlund B, Mortensen EL. Do attention deficits influence IQ assessment in children and adolescents with ADHD? J Atten Disord 2009;12:551-562.   DOI
5 Bowers TG, Risser MG, Suchanec JF, Tinker DE, Ramer JC, Domoto M. A developmental index using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: implications for the diagnosis and nature of ADHD. J Learn Disabil 1992;25:179-185, 195.   DOI
6 Assesmany A, McIntosh DE, Phelps L, Rizza MG. Discriminant va-lidity of the WISC-III with children classified with ADHD. J Psychoeduc Assess 2001;19:137-147.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Prifitera A, Saklofske DH. WISC-III Clinical Use and Interpretation: Scientist-Practitioner Perspectives. San Diego: Academic Press; 1997.
8 Prifitera A, Dersh J. Base rates of WISC-III diagnostic subtest patterns among normal, learning-disabled, and ADHD samples. In: Brac-ken BA, McCallum RS, editors. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Chil-dren. 3rd ed. Brendon: Clinical Psychology Publishing Co.;1993. p. 43-55.
9 Kaufman AS, Lichtenberger EO. Essentials of WISC-III and WP-PSI-R Assessment. 1st ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons;2000. p. 206-207.
10 Kaufman AS. Intelligent Testing with the WISC-III. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley;1994.
11 Cohen M, Becker MG, Campbell R. Relationships among four me-thods of assessment of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. J School Psychol 1990;28:189-202.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Takeda T, Ambrosini PJ, deBerardinis R, Elia J. What can ADHD without comorbidity teach us about comorbidity? Res Dev Disabil 2012;33:419-425.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Roessner V, Becker A, Banaschewski T, Rothenberger A. Executive functions in children with chronic tic disorders with/without ADHD: new insights. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;16 Suppl 1:36-44.   DOI
14 Dulcan MK. Dulcan's Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc;2009. p.761.
15 Kwak KJ, Park HW, KIM CT. Manual for the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III. Seoul: Special Education;2001.
16 Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). 3rd ed. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation;1991.
17 Conners CK. Conners Rating Scales Manual, Conner's Teacher Rat-ing Scale, Conner's Parent Rating Scales, Instruments for use with Children and Adolescents. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems;1990.
18 Oh KJ, Lee HR. Assessment of ADHD with abbreviated Conners Rating Scale. Korean J Clin Psychol 1989;8:135-142.
19 Lee WK, Lee WH. Psychological Assessment. Seoul: Hakjisa;2012. p.103.
20 Koyama T, Tachimori H, Osada H, Kurita H. Cognitive and symptom profiles in high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2006;36:373-380.   DOI
21 Scheirs JG, Timmers EA. Differentiating among children with PDD- NOS, ADHD, and those with a combined diagnosis on the basis of WISC-III profiles. J Autism Dev Disord 2009;39:549-556.   DOI
22 Choi WS. Cognitive characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reflected in K-WISC-III. Seoul: Catholic Univ.;2002.
23 Shin MS, Oh KJ, Hong KE. Cognitive characteristics of ADHD chil-dren assessed by KEDI-WISC. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990;1:55-64.   과학기술학회마을
24 Kamphus RW. Clinical Assessment of Children's Intelligence: A Handbook for Professional Practice. Boston: Allyn & Bacon;1993.
25 Snow JB, Sapp GL. WISC-III subtest patterns of ADHD and normal samples. Psychol Rep 2000;87:759-765.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Naglieri JA, Goldstein S, Delauder BY, Schwebach A. Relationships between the WISC-III and the Cognitive Assessment System with Conners' rating scales and continuous performance tests. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2005;20:385-401.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Anastopolous AD, Spisto MA, Maher MC. The WISC-III Freedom from Distractibility factor: Its utility in identifying children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Assess 1994;6:368-371.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Faraone SV, Biederman J, Lehman BK, Keenan K, Norman D, Seidman LJ, et al. Evidence for the independent familial transmission of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities: results from a family genetic study. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:891-895.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Di Trani M, Casini MP, Capuzzo F, Gentile S, Bianco G, Menghini D, et al. Executive and intellectual functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbidity. Brain Dev 2011; 33:462-469.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Katusic MZ, Voigt RG, Colligan RC, Weaver AL, Homan KJ, Barbaresi WJ. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with high intelligence quotient: results from a population-based study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2011;32:103-109.   DOI
31 Rothenberger A, Roessner V, Banaschewski T, Leckman JF. Co-existence of tic disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderrecent advances in understanding and treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;16 Suppl 1:1-4.
32 Jensen PS, Martin D, Cantwell DP. Comorbidity in ADHD: implications for research, practice, and DSM-V. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:1065-1079.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 August GJ, Realmuto GM, MacDonald AW 3rd, Nugent SM, Crosby R. Prevalence of ADHD and comorbid disorders among elementary school children screened for disruptive behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1996;24:571-595.   DOI
34 Kuhne M, Schachar R, Tannock R. Impact of comorbid oppositional or conduct problems on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:1715-1725.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Carlson CL, Lahey BB, Neeper R. Direct Assessment of the Cognitive Correlates of Attention Deficit Disorders with and Without Hyperactivity. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 1986;8:69-86.   DOI
36 Mamoto A. Cognitive processing ability of children with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive subtype. Osaka City Med J 2006;55:17-26.
37 Tannock R. Rethinking ADHD and LD in DSM-5: Proposed Changes in Diagnostic Criteria. J Learn Disabil 2013;46:5-25.   DOI