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http://dx.doi.org/10.15429/jkomor.2022.22.2.93

The Effects of Galgunhwanggumhwangryun-tang on Glucose and Energy Metabolism in C2C12 Myotubes  

Jihong Oh (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University)
Song-Yi Han (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University)
Soo Kyoung Lim (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University)
Hojun Kim (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research / v.22, no.2, 2022 , pp. 93-101 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to observe the anti-diabetic effect and underlying mechanisms of Galgunhwanggumhwangryun-tang (GHH; Gegen-Qinlian-decoction) in the C2C12 myotubes. Methods: GHH (1.0 mg/ml) or metformin (0.75 mM) or insulin (100 nM) were treated in C2C12 myotubes after 4 days differentiation. The glucose uptake was assessed by 2-[N-(7-160 nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake by C2C12 cells. The expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylation AMPK (pAMPK) were measured by western blot. We also evaluated gene expression of glucose transporter type 4 (Slc2a4, formerly known as GLUT4), glucokinase (Gk), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (Cpt1a), nuclear respiratory factors 1 (Nrf1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (Ppargc1a) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: GHH promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. The expression of AMPK protein, which plays an essential role in glucose metabolism, was increased by treatment with GHH. GHH treatment tended to increase gene expression of Slc2a4, Gk, and Nrf1 but was not statistically significant. However, GHH significantly improved Tfam and Ppargc1a gene expression in C2C12 myotubes. Conclusions: In summary, GHH treatment promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. We suggest that these effects are associated with increased gene expression involved in mitochondrial biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, such as Tfam and Ppargc1a, and increased expression of AMPK protein.
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus; Skeletal muscle fibers; Galgunhwanggumhwangryun-tang; AMP-activated protein kinases; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; Transcription factors;
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