Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5407/jksv.2022.20.1.052

Numerical Analysis of Transitional Flow in a Stenosed Carotid Artery  

Kim, Dongmin (School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University)
Hwang, Jinyul (School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University)
Min, Too-Jae (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine)
Jo, Won-Min (Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization / v.20, no.1, 2022 , pp. 52-63 More about this Journal
Abstract
Direct numerical simulation of blood flow in a stenosed, patient-specific carotid artery was conducted to explore the transient behavior of blood flow with special emphasis on the wall-shear stress distribution over the transition region. We assumed the blood as an incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel was treated as a solid wall. The pulsatile boundary condition was applied at the inlet of the carotid. The Reynolds number is 884 based on the inlet diameter, and the maximum flow rate and the corresponding Womersley number is approximately 5.9. We found the transitional behavior during the acceleration and deceleration phases. In order to quantitatively examine the wall-shear stress distribution over the transition region, the probability density function of the wall-shear stress was computed. It showed that the negative wall-shear stress events frequently occur near peak systole. In addition, the oscillatory shear stress index was used to further analyze the relationship with the negative wall-shear stress appearing in the systolic phase.
Keywords
transitional flow; stenosis; wall shear stress; carotid artery; numerical analysis;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Murray, C. J., & Lopez, A. D. (1997). Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. The lancet, 349(9064), 1498-1504.   DOI
2 Ross, R. (1993). The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature, 362(6423), 801-809.   DOI
3 Marshall, I., et al. (2004). MRI and CFD studies of pulsatile flow in healthy and stenosed carotid bifurcation models. Journal of biomechanics, 37(5), 679-687.   DOI
4 Yim, P., et al. (2005). Characterization of shear stress on the wall of the carotid artery using magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics. Studies in health technology and informatics, 113, 412-442.
5 Fry, D. L. (1968). Acute vascular endothelial changes associated with increased blood velocity gradients. Circulation research, 22(2), 165-197.   DOI
6 Groen, H. C., et al. (2007). Plaque rupture in the carotid artery is localized at the high shear stress region: a case report. Stroke, 38(8), 2379-2381.   DOI
7 Mittal, R., et al. (2003). Numerical study of pulsatile flow in a constricted channel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 485, 337-378.   DOI
8 Jeong, J., & Hussain, F. (1995). On the identification of a vortex. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 285, 69-94.   DOI
9 Buijs, P. C., et al. (1998). Effect of age on cerebral blood flow: measurement with ungated two-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiography in 250 adults. Radiology, 209(3), 667-674.   DOI
10 Bogren, H. G., et al. (1994). Carotid and vertebral artery blood flow in left-and right-handed healthy subjects measured with MR velocity mapping. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 4(1), 37-42.   DOI
11 Adrianzen Alvarez, D. R. (2016). Influence of Outlet Boundary Conditions on Cerebrovascular Aneurysm Hemodynamics.
12 Alimohammadi, M., et al. (2014). Development of a patient-specific simulation tool to analyse aortic dissections: assessment of mixed patient-specific flow and pressure boundary conditions. Medical engineering & physics, 36(3), 275-284.   DOI
13 Ford, M. D., et al. (2008). Is flow in the common carotid artery fully developed? Physiol Meas, 29(11), 1335-1349.   DOI
14 Poepping, T. L., et al. (2002). An in vitro system for Doppler ultrasound flow studies in the stenosed carotid artery bifurcation. Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 28(4), 495-506.   DOI
15 Oates, C., et al. (2009). Joint recommendations for reporting carotid ultrasound investigations in the United Kingdom. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 37(3), 251-261.   DOI
16 Plesniak, M. W., & Bulusu, K. V. (2016). Morphology of Secondary Flows in a Curved Pipe With Pulsatile Inflow. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 138(10).
17 Eicke, B. M., & Tegeler, C. H. (1995). Ultrasonic quantitative flow volumetry of the carotid arteries: initial experience with a color flow M-mode system. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 5(2), 145-149.   DOI
18 Basavaraja, P., et al. (2017). Wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index distribution in carotid artery with varying degree of stenosis: a hemodynamic study. journal of mechanics in medicine and biology, 17(02), 1750037.   DOI
19 Markl, M., et al. (2010). In vivo wall shear stress distribution in the carotid artery: effect of bifurcation geometry, internal carotid artery stenosis, and recanalization therapy. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, 3(6), 647-655.   DOI
20 Ethier, C. R., & Simmons, C. A. (2007). Introductory biomechanics: from cells to organisms. Cambridge University Press
21 Lee, S.-W., & Steinman, D. A. (2007). On the relative importance of rheology for image-based CFD models of the carotid bifurcation. 273-278.
22 Gharahi, H., et al. (2016). Computational fluid dynamic simulation of human carotid artery bifurcation based on anatomy and volumetric blood flow rate measured with magnetic resonance imaging. International journal of advances in engineering sciences and applied mathematics, 8(1), 46-60.   DOI
23 Updegrove, A., et al. (2017). SimVascular: an open source pipeline for cardiovascular simulation. Annals of biomedical engineering, 45(3), 525-541.   DOI
24 Kefayati, S., & Poepping, T. L. (2013). Transitional flow analysis in the carotid artery bifurcation by proper orthogonal decomposition and particle image velocimetry. Medical engineering & physics, 35(7), 898-909.   DOI
25 Wu, X., et al. (2020). Negative skin friction during transition in a zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate boundary layer and in pipe flows with slip and no-slip boundary conditions. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 887.
26 Patankar, S. V. (2018). Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow. CRC press
27 Kang, T., et al. (2021). Effects of progressive carotid stenosis on cerebral haemodynamics: aortic-cerebral 3D patient-specific simulation. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 15(1), 830-847.   DOI
28 P., I. N. S. M. A. H. (2000). Comparison of the ECST, CC, and NASCET grading methods and ultrasound for assessing carotid stenosis. Medicina 2018, 54(3), 42;.
29 Chaturvedi, S., et al. (1997). Cerebral angiography practices at US teaching hospitals: implications for carotid endarterectomy. Stroke, 28(10), 1895-1897.   DOI
30 Gagne, P. J., et al. (1996). Can the NASCET technique for measuring carotid stenosis be reliably applied outside the trial? Journal of vascular surgery, 24(3), 449-456.   DOI
31 Lee, S. E., et al. (2008). Direct numerical simulation of transitional flow in a stenosed carotid bifurcation. J Biomech, 41(11), 2551-2561.   DOI
32 Likittanasombut, P., et al. (2006). Volume Flow Rate of Common Carotid Artery Measured by Doppler Method and Color Velocity Imaging Quantification (CVI-Q). Journal of Neuroimaging, 16(1), 34-38.   DOI
33 Holdsworth, D., et al. (1999). Characterization of common carotid artery blood-flow waveforms in normal human subjects. Physiological measurement, 20(3), 219.   DOI
34 Ackroyd, N., et al. (1986). Quantitative common carotid artery blood flow: prediction of internal carotid artery stenosis. Journal of vascular surgery, 3(6), 846-853.   DOI
35 Lenaers, P., et al. (2012). Rare backflow and extreme wall-normal velocity fluctuations in near-wall turbulence. Physics of fluids, 24(3), 035110.   DOI
36 Loree, H., et al. (1991). Turbulent pressure fluctuations on surface of model vascular stenoses. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 261(3), H644-H650.   DOI
37 Lui, M., et al. (2020). On the turbulence modeling of blood flow in a stenotic vessel. Journal of biomechanical engineering, 142(1).
38 Johari, N., et al. (2019). Disturbed flow in a stenosed carotid artery bifurcation: Comparison of RANS-based transitional model and LES with experimental measurements. International Journal of Applied Mechanics, 11(04), 1950032.   DOI
39 Caro, C., et al. (1969). Arterial wall shear and distribution of early atheroma in man. Nature, 223(5211), 1159-1161.   DOI
40 Qiu, Y., & Tarbell, J. M. (2000). Numerical simulation of pulsatile flow in a compliant curved tube model of a coronary artery. J. Biomech. Eng., 122(1), 77-85.   DOI
41 Paul, M. C., et al. (2009). Large-Eddy simulation of pulsatile blood flow. Medical engineering & physics, 31(1), 153-159.   DOI
42 Tarbell, J. M., et al. (2014). Fluid mechanics, arterial disease, and gene expression. Annual review of fluid mechanics, 46, 591-614.   DOI
43 Grinberg, L., et al. (2009). Analyzing transient turbulence in a stenosed carotid artery by proper orthogonal decomposition. Annals of biomedical engineering, 37(11), 2200-2217.   DOI
44 Giddens, D., et al. (1993). The role of fluid mechanics in the localization and detection of atherosclerosis. Journal of biomechanical engineering, 115(4B), 588-594.   DOI
45 Ku, D. N., et al. (1985). Pulsatile flow and atherosclerosis in the human carotid bifurcation. Positive correlation between plaque location and low oscillating shear stress. Arteriosclerosis: An Official Journal of the American Heart Association, Inc., 5(3), 293-302.   DOI
46 Khodarahmi, I. (2015). Comparing velocity and fluid shear stress in a stenotic phantom with steady flow: phase-contrast MRI, particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine, 28(4), 385-393.   DOI
47 Willert, C. E., et al. (2018). Experimental evidence of near-wall reverse flow events in a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 91, 320-328.   DOI
48 Mittal, R., et al. (2003). Numerical study of pulsatile flow in a constricted channel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 485, 337-378.   DOI
49 Zarins, C. K., et al. (1983). Carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis. Quantitative correlation of plaque localization with flow velocity profiles and wall shear stress. Circulation research, 53(4), 502-514.   DOI