Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14695/KJSOS.2015.18.2.85

The influence of misinformation on memory: detection of original memory using concealed information test (CIT)  

Han, Yuhwa (Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University)
Park, Kwangbai (Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University)
Publication Information
Science of Emotion and Sensibility / v.18, no.2, 2015 , pp. 85-100 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study aimed at examining if the original memory remains after a misinformation is presented, using Event-Related Potential based Concealed Information Test (ERP-based CIT). In the first stage of the study, the participant was presented with either the original information or a misleading information after experiencing an event (Post-information). The second stage was to measure brain wave and reaction time on the original, misleading, and irrelevant information (CIT-Stimulus). P300 amplitude, P300 area, P300 latency, and reaction time were used as dependant variables. In the result, a significant Post-information ${\times}$ CIT-Stimulus interaction effect was found on the P300 area measured at Cz, Pz, and Oz area. This interaction effect implied the possibility that the original information could be partially impaired in memory by misleading information presented afterward. P300 amplitude at Pz area did not differ between the accurate and the misleading stimuli in the condition in which a misleading information was presented. This result can be explained by source monitoring error. In discussion, the limitations of this study and directions of future studies were discussed.
Keywords
misinformation effect; concealed information test(CIT); original information;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Zaragoza, M., Belli, R., & Payment, K. (2007). Misinformation effects and the suggestibility of eyewitness memory. In M. Garry and H. Hayne (Eds.), Do justice and let the sky fall: Elizabeth Loftus and her contributions to science, law, and academic freedom (pp. 35-63). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
2 Amato-Henderson, S. L. (1997). Effects of Misinformation As Revealed Through he Concealed Knowledge Test. Dissertation Abstracts International: Sciences and Engineering. 57, 5370.
3 Bekerian, D. A., & Bowers, J. M. (1983). Eyewitness testimony: Were we misled? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning. Memory, and Cognition, 9, 139-145.   DOI
4 Belli, R. F. (1993). Failure of interpolated tests in inducing memory impairment with final modified tests: Evidence unfavorable to the blocking hypothesis. American Journal of Psychology, 106, 407-427.   DOI
5 Ben-Shakhar, G., & Elaad, E. (2003). The validity of psychophysiological detection of information with the Guilty Knowledge Test: A meta-analytic interview. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 131-151.   DOI
6 Ben-Shakhar, G., & Furedy, J. J. (1990). Theories and applications in the detection of deception: A psychophysiological and international perspective. New York: Springer-Verlag.
7 Bourbon, W. T., Will, K. W., Gary, H. E., & Papanicolaou, A. (1987). Habituation of auditory event-related potentials: a comparison of self-initiated and automated stimulus trains. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 66, 160-166.   DOI
8 Bowman, L. L., & Zaragoza, M. S. (1989). Similarity of encoding context does not influence resistance to memory impairment following misinformation. American Journal of Psychology, 102, 249-264.   DOI
9 Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (1995). Autosuggestibility in memory development. Cognitive Psychology, 28, 65-101.   DOI
10 Chandler, C. C. (1989). Specific retroactive interference in modified recognition tests: Evidence for an unknown cause of interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 256-265.   DOI
11 Chandler, C. C. (1991). How memory for an event is influenced by related events: Interference in modified recognition tests. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 115-125.   DOI
12 Gerrie, M. P., Garry, M. & Loftus, E. F. (2005). False memories. In Neil. Brewer & Kipling D. Williams (Eds.), Psychology and Law: An Empirical Perspective (pp. 222-253). NewYork: Guilford Press.
13 Courchesne, E., Courchesne, R. Y., & Hillyard, S. A. (1978). The effects of stimulus deviation on P3 waves to easily recognized stimuli. Neuropsychologia 16, 189-199.   DOI
14 Devrim, M., Demiralp, T., Ademoglu, A., & Kurt, A. (1999). A model for P300 generation based on responses to near-threshold visual stimuli. Cognitive Brain Research. 8, 37-43.   DOI
15 Eom, J. S., Han, Y. H., Sohn, J. H., & Park, K. B. (2010). Effects of stimulus similarity on P300 amplitude in P300-based concealed information test. Science of Emotion and Sensibility, 13(3), 541-550.
16 Jacoby, L. L., Kelley, C. M., & Dywan, J. (1989). Memory attributions. In H. L. Roediger III & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciouness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (pp. 391-422). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
17 Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3-28.   DOI
18 Johnson, M. K., & Raye, C. L. (2000). Cognitive and brain mechanisms of false memories and beliefs. In D. L. Schacter & E. Scarry (Eds.), Memory and belief. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
19 Lindsay, D. S., & Johnson, M. K. (1987). Reality monitoring and eyewitness suggestibility: Young children's ability to discriminate among memories from different sources. In S. J. Ceci, M. P. Toglia, & D. F. Ross (Eds.), Children's eyewitness memory (pp. 92-121). New York: Springer-Verlag.
20 Lindsay, D. S., & Johnson, M. K. (1989). Eyewitness suggestibility and memory for source. Memory and Cognition, 17, 349-358.   DOI
21 Loftus, E. F., Donders, K., Hoffman, H. G., & Schooler, J.W. (1989). Creating new memories that are quickly accessed and confidently held. Memory and Cognition, 17, 607-616.   DOI
22 Loftus, E. F. (1975). Leading questions and eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560-572.   DOI
23 Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978). Semantic integration of verbal information into visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4, 19-31.   DOI
24 Loftus, E. F. (1979). Eyewitness testimony. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
25 Loftus, E. F., & Ketcham, K. (1991). Witness for the defense. New York: St. Martin''s Press.
26 Lykken, D. T. (1959). The GSR in the detection of guilt. Journal of Applied Psychology, 43, 385-388.   DOI
27 MacLaren V. V. (2001). A quantitative review of the guilty knowledge test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 674-683.   DOI
28 McCloskey, M., & Zaragoza, M. (1985a). Misleading postevent information and memory for events: Arguments and evidence against memory impairment hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 1-16.   DOI
29 McCloskey, M., & Zaragoza, M. (1985b). Postevent information and memory: Reply to Loftus, Schooler, and Wagenaar. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 381-387.   DOI
30 Morton, J., Hammersley, R. H., & Bekerian, D. A. (1985). Headed records: A model for memory and its failures. Cognition, 20, 1-23.   DOI
31 Schooler, J. W., & Loftue, E. F. (1993). Multiple mechanisms mediate individual differences in eyewitness accuracy and suggestibility. In J. M. Pucket & H. W. Reese (Eds.), Mechanisms of everyday cognition (pp. 177-203). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
32 Ravden, D., & Polich, J. (1998). Habituation of P300 from visual stimuli. International Journal of Psychophsiology. 30, 359-365.   DOI
33 Rosenfeld, J. P., & Labkovsky, E. (2010). New P300-based protocol to detect concealed information: Resistance to mental countermeasures against only half the irrelevant stimuli and a possible ERP indicator of countermeasures. Psychophysiology, 47(6). 1002-1010.   DOI
34 Roth, W. T. (1973). Auditory evoked responses to unpredictable stimuli. Psychophysiology 10, 125-138.   DOI
35 Verbaten, M. N., Roelofs, J. W., Sjouw, W., & Slangen, J. (1986). Different effects of uncertainty and complexity on single trial visual ERPs and SCR-OR in nonsignal conditions. Psychophysiology 23, 254-262.   DOI
36 Whittlesea, B. W. A., Masson, M. E. J., & Hughes, A. D. (2005). False memory following rapidly resented lists: The element of surprise. Psychological Research, 69, 420-430.   DOI
37 Woestenburg, J. C., Verbaten, M. N., & Slangen, J. L. (1981). The influence of information on habituation of the "Wiener" filtered visual event related potential and the skin conductance reaction. Biological Psychology, 13, 189-201.   DOI
38 Zaragoza, M. S., McCloskey, M., & Jamis, M. (1987). Misleading postevent information and recall of the original event: Further evidence against the memory impairment hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogntion, 13, 36-44.   DOI