Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.121

Comprehensive Account on Prevalence and Characteristics of Hydatid Cysts in Livestock from Pakistan  

Mehmood, Naunain (Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha)
Arshad, Muhammad (Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha)
Ahmed, Haroon (Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad)
Simsek, Sami (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat)
Muqaddas, Hira (Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha)
Publication Information
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases / v.58, no.2, 2020 , pp. 121-127 More about this Journal
Abstract
Pakistan is at intersection of hyperendemic regions for hydatidosis. Current study aimed to determine the prevalence of hydatid cysts and cyst characteristics in different intermediate hosts (sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes) across the 4 provinces of Pakistan. A total of 991 sheep, 1,478 goats, 1,602 cattle and 1,343 buffaloes were examined for presence of hydatid cysts during 2 years (January 2016-December 2018). Differences in frequency of hydatidosis were observed with highest overall prevalence in buffaloes (11.9%) and sheep (11.5%). Highest prevalence and burden of infection were observed in older age animals (23.8%, 9.78±0.49) and females (26.5%, 12.53±0.67). Data for seasonal prevalence alluded to year-round presence of disease with non-significant statistical difference. Organ predilection indicated liver as the most preferred site of cyst localization followed mainly by lungs. An over-dispersion pattern was observed in all infected animals as majority of cysts belonged <10 cysts per infected host category. Highest percentage of fertile cysts was observed in liver of sheep. Interestingly, solitary form of cysts had higher fertility rate than multiple form. Amid lack of data and wide gap of knowledge, this study would try to fill up the lacunae regarding this neglected tropical disease. Extensive rearing of livestock, unregulated official slaughter and home slaughtering have played role in adaptability of E. granulosus in Pakistan.
Keywords
Hydatid cyst; livestock; prevalence; cyst characteristic; Pakistan;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 World Health Organization. Neglected zoonotic diseases. 2019 [Internet]; Available from: https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/zoonoses/infections_more/en/
2 Latif AA, Tanveer A, Maqbool A, Siddiqi N, Kyaw-Tanner M, Traub RJ. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Echinococcus granulosus in livestock and humans in Punjab, Pakistan. Vet Parasitol 2010; 170: 44-49.   DOI
3 Mackey TK, Liang BA, Cuomo R, Hafen R, Brouwer KC, Lee DE. Emerging and reemerging neglected tropical diseases: a review of key characteristics, risk factors, and the policy and innovation environment. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27: 949-979.   DOI
4 Cardona GA, Carmena D. A review of the global prevalence, molecular epidemiology and economics of cystic echinococcosis in production animals. Vet Parasitol 2013; 192: 10-32.   DOI
5 Zhang W, Zhang Z, Wu W, Shi B, Li J, Zhou X, Wen H McManus, DP. Epidemiology and control of echinococcosis in central Asia, with particular reference to the People's Republic of China. Acta Trop 2015; 141: 235-243.   DOI
6 Herricks JR, Hotez PJ, Wanga V, Coffeng LE, Haagsma JA, Basanez MG, Buckle G, Budke CM, Carabin H, Fevre EM, Furst T. The global burden of disease study 2013: What does it mean for the NTDs? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11: e0005424.   DOI
7 World Health Organization, IRD Pakistan, Indus Health Network, Institute of Development and Economic Alternatives, Evidence Action. Baseline survey report of soil-transmitted helminths prevalence in Pakistan. 2017 [Internet]; Available from: https://pndajk.gov.pk/uploadfiles/downloads/Baseline%20STH%20Survey_Pakistan_Final%20%20%20Survey%20Report.pdf.
8 Shahzad W, Abbas A, Munir R, Khan MS, Avais M, Ahmad J, Rana MY, Mehmood F. A PCR analysis of prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus genotype G1 in small and large ruminants in three districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan J Zool 2014; 46: 1541-1544.
9 Otero-Abad B, Torgerson PR. A systematic review of the epidemiology of echinococcosis in domestic and wild animals. PLoS Neg Trop Dis 2013; 7: e2249.   DOI
10 Pakistan Economic Survey. Economic Adviser's Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. 2016-17 [Internet]; Available from: http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1617.html
11 Dalimi A, Motamedi GH, Hosseini M, Mohammadian B, Malaki H, Ghamari Z, Far FG. Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in western Iran. Vet Parasitol 2002; 105: 161-171.   DOI
12 Daryani A, Alaei R, Arab R, Sharif M, Dehghan MH, Ziaei H. The prevalence, intensity and viability of hydatid cysts in slaughtered animals in the Ardabil province of Northwest Iran. J Helminthol 2007; 81: 13-17.   DOI
13 Ibrahim MM. Study of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered animals in Al Baha region, Saudi Arabia: interaction between some biotic and abiotic factors. Acta Trop 2010; 113: 26-33.   DOI
14 Lubinsky G. Echinococcus granulosus in domestic animals in Western Pakistan. Can J Zool 1959; 37: 83.   DOI
15 Kebede N, Abuhay A, Tilahun G, Wossene A. Financial loss estimation, prevalence and characterization of hydatidosis of cattle slaughtered at Debre Markos Municipality abattoir, Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 41: 1787.   DOI
16 Haleem S, Niaz S, Qureshi NA, Ullah R, Alsaid MS, Alqahtani AS, Shahat AA. Incidence, risk factors, and epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis: a complex socioecological emerging infectious disease in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Province of Pakistan. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018: 5042430.   DOI
17 Ehsan M, Akhter N, Bhutto B, Arijo A, Gadahi JA. Prevalence and genotypic characterization of bovine Echinococcus granulosus isolates by using cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Vet Parasitol 2017; 239: 80-85.   DOI
18 Bortoletti G, Gabriele F, Seu V, Palmas C. Epidemiology of hydatid disease in Sardinia: a study of fertility of cysts in sheep. J Helminthol 1990; 64: 212-216.   DOI
19 Lahmar S, Kilani M, Torgerson PR, Gemmell MA. Echinococcus granulosus larvae in the livers of sheep in Tunisia: the effects of host age. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1999; 93: 75-81.