Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.133

Identification of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 as a Regulator for Encystation of Acanthamoeba  

Moon, Eun-Kyung (Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
Hong, Yeonchul (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine)
Chung, Dong-Il (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine)
Goo, Youn-Kyoung (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine)
Kong, Hyun-Hee (Department of Parasitology, Dong-A University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases / v.54, no.2, 2016 , pp. 133-138 More about this Journal
Abstract
Encystation is an essential process for Acanthamoeba survival under nutrient-limiting conditions and exposure to drugs. The expression of several genes has been observed to increase or decrease during encystation. Epigenetic processes involved in regulation of gene expression have been shown to play a role in several pathogenic parasites. In the present study, we identified the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a known epigenetic regulator, in Acanthamoeba castellanii. PRMT5 of A. castellanii (AcPRMT5) contained domains found in S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases and in PRMT5 arginine-N-methyltransferase. Expression levels of AcPRMT5 were increased during encystation of A. castellanii. The EGFP-PRMT5 fusion protein was mainly localized in the nucleus of trophozoites. A. castellanii transfected with siRNA designed against AcPRMT5 failed to form mature cysts. The findings of this study lead to a better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms behind the regulation of encystation in cyst-forming pathogenic protozoa.
Keywords
Acanthamoeba; encystation; cellulose synthase; endocyst;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Marciano-Cabral F, Cabral G. Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16: 273-307.   DOI
2 Coulon C, Collignon A, McDonnell G, Thomas V. Resistance of Acanthamoeba cysts to disinfection treatments used in health care settings. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48: 2689-2697.   DOI
3 Moon EK, Chung DI, Hong YC, Kong HH. Autophagy protein 8 mediating autophagosome in encysting Acanthamoeba. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2009; 168: 43-48.   DOI
4 Song SM, Han BI, Moon EK, Lee YR, Yu HS, Jha BK, Danne DB, Kong HH, Chung DI, Hong Y. Autophagy protein 16-mediated autophagy is required for the encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2012; 183: 158-165.   DOI
5 Leitsch D, Kohsler M, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Deutsch A, Allmaier G, Duchene M, Walochnik J. Major role for cysteine proteases during the early phase of Acanthamoeba castellanii encystment. Eukaryot Cell 2010; 9: 611-618.   DOI
6 Moon EK, Chung DI, Hong YC, Kong HH. Characterization of a serine proteinase mediating encystation of Acanthamoeba. Eukaryot Cell 2008; 7: 1513-1517.   DOI
7 Moon EK, Hong YC, Chung DI, Kong HH. Cysteine protease involving in autophagosomal degradation of mitochondria during encystation of Acanthamoeba. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2012; 185: 121-126.   DOI
8 Lee JY, Song SM, Moon EK, Lee YR, Jha BK, Danne DB, Cha HJ, Yu HS, Kong HH, Chung DI, Hong Y. Cysteine protease inhibitor (AcStefin) is required for complete cyst formation of Acanthamoeba. Eukaryot Cell 2013; 12: 567-574.   DOI
9 Lee YR, Na BK, Moon EK, Song SM, Joo SY, Kong HH, Goo YK, Chung DI, Hong YC. Essential role for an M17 leucine aminopeptidase in encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0129884.   DOI
10 Jaenisch R, Bird A. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals. Nat Genet 2003; 33: 245-254.   DOI
11 Portela A, Esteller M. Epigenetic modifications and human disease. Nat Biotechnol 2010; 28: 1057-1068.   DOI
12 Fisk JC, Read LK. Protein arginine methylation in parasitic protozoa. Eukaryot Cell 2011; 10: 1013-1022.   DOI
13 Fisher O, Siman-Tov R, Ankri S. Characterization of cytosine methylated regions and 5-cytosine DNA methyltransferase (Ehmeth) in the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32: 287-297.   DOI
14 Bowers B, Korn ED. The fine structure of Acanthamoeba castellanii (Neff strain). II. Encystment. J Cell Biol 1969; 41: 786-805.   DOI
15 Aqeel Y, Siddiqui R, Khan NA. Silencing of xylose isomerase and cellulose synthase by siRNA inhibits encystation in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Parasitol Res 2013; 112: 1221-1227.   DOI
16 Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods 2001; 25: 402-408.   DOI
17 Kong HH, Pollard TD. Intracellular localization and dynamics of myosin-II and myosin-IC in live Acanthamoeba by transient transfection of EGFP fusion proteins. J Cell Sci 2002; 115: 4993-5002.   DOI
18 McBride AE, Silver PA. State of the arg: protein methylation at arginine comes of age. Cell 2001; 106: 5-8.   DOI
19 Ghosh SK, Paik WK, Kim S. Purification and molecular identification of two protein methylases I from calf brain. Myelin basic protein- and histone-specific enzyme. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 19024-19033.
20 Kagan RM, Clarke S. Widespread occurrence of three sequence motifs in diverse S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases suggests a common structure for these enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1994; 310: 417-427.   DOI
21 Katz JE, Dlakic M, Clarke S. Automated identification of putative methyltransferases from genomic open reading frames. Mol Cell Proteomics 2003; 2: 525-540.   DOI
22 Lee MS, Henry M, Silver PA. A protein that shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is an important mediator of RNA export. Genes Dev 1996; 10: 1233-1246.   DOI
23 Kessler MM, Henry MF, Shen E, Zhao J, Gross S, Silver PA, Moore CL. Hrp1, a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, is required for mRNA 3'-end formation in yeast. Genes Dev 1997; 11: 2545-2556.   DOI
24 Bedford MT, Clarke SG. Protein arginine methylation in mammals: who, what, and why. Mol Cell 2009; 33: 1-13.   DOI
25 Wang H, Huang ZQ, Xia L, Feng Q, Erdjument-Bromage H, Strahl BD, Briggs SD, Allis CD, Wong J, Tempst P, Zhang Y. Methylation of histone H4 at arginine 3 facilitating transcriptional activation by nuclear hormone receptor. Science 2001; 293: 853-857.   DOI
26 Pal S, Vishwanath SN, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Sif S. Human SWI/SNF-associated PRMT5 methylates histone H3 arginine 8 and negatively regulates expression of ST7 and NM23 tumor suppressor genes. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24: 9630-9645.   DOI
27 Borbolla-Vazquez J, Orozco E, Betanzos A, Rodriguez MA. Entamoeba histolytica: protein arginine transferase 1a methylates arginine residues and potentially modify the H4 histone. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 219.   DOI
28 Saksouk N, Bhatti MM, Kieffer S, Smith AT, Musset K, Garin J, Sullivan WJ Jr, Cesbron-Delauw MF, Hakimi MA. Histone-modifying complexes regulate gene expression pertinent to the differentiation of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25: 10301-10314.   DOI
29 Subramaniam C, Veazey P, Redmond S, Hayes-Sinclair J, Chambers E, Carrington M, Gull K, Matthews K, Horn D, Field MC. Chromosome-wide analysis of gene function by RNA interference in the African trypanosome. Eukaryot Cell 2006; 5: 1539-1549.   DOI
30 Fabbrizio E, El Messaoudi S, Polanowska J, Paul C, Cook JR, Lee JH, Negre V, Rousset M, Pestka S, Le Cam A, Sardet C. Negative regulation of transcription by the type II arginine methyltransferase PRMT5. EMBO Rep 2002; 3: 641-645.   DOI