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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.009

Studies of the effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Re and Rk3 on myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide  

Han, Jiahong (College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University)
Xia, Jing (College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University)
Zhang, Lianxue (College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University)
Cai, Enbo (College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University)
Zhao, Yan (College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University)
Fei, Xuan (College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University)
Jia, Xiaohuan (College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University)
Yang, He (College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University)
Liu, Shuangli (College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.43, no.4, 2019 , pp. 618-624 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Ginsenoside Re (Re) is one of the major components of Panax ginseng Meyer. Ginsenoside $Rk_3$ ($Rk_3$) is a secondary metabolite of Re. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects and underlying mechanisms of Re and $Rk_3$ on cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Methods: The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide. Peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cells, and colony yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro were counted. The levels of erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptotic protein bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting. Results: Both Re and $Rk_3$ could improve peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cell counts, thymus index, and spleen index. Furthermore, they could enhance the yield of colonies cultured in vitro and make the levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin normal, reduce the ratio of $G_0/G_1$ phase cells, and increase the proliferation index. Finally, Re and $Rk_3$ could upregulate the expression of bcl-2, whereas they could downregulate the expression of bax and caspase-3. Conclusion: Re and $Rk_3$ could improve the hematopoietic function of myelosuppressed mice. The effect of $Rk_3$ was superior to that of Re at any dose. Regulating the levels of cytokines, promoting cells enter the normal cell cycle, regulating the balance of bcl-2/bax, and inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 may be the effects of Re and $Rk_3$ on myelosuppression.
Keywords
Chemotherapy; Ginsenoside Re; Ginsenoside $Rk_3$; Myelosuppression;
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