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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2018.05.004

The standardized Korean Red Ginseng extract and its ingredient ginsenoside Rg3 inhibit manifestation of breast cancer stem cell-like properties through modulation of self-renewal signaling  

Oh, Jisun (Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University)
Yoon, Hyo-Jin (Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University)
Jang, Jeong-Hoon (Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University)
Kim, Do-Hee (Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University)
Surh, Young-Joon (Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.43, no.3, 2019 , pp. 421-430 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: The ginsenoside Rg3, one of active components of red ginseng, has chemopreventive and anticancer potential. Cancer stem cells retain self-renewal properties which account for cancer recurrence and resistance to anticancer therapy. In our present study, we investigated whether the standardized Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) and Rg3 could modulate the manifestation of breast cancer stem cell-like features through regulation of self-renewal activity. Methods: The effects of RGE and Rg3 on the proportion of $CD44^{high}/CD24^{low}$ cells, as representative characteristics of stem-like breast cancer cells, were determined by flow cytometry. The mammosphere formation assay was performed to assess self-renewal capacities of breast cancer cells. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of MCF-7 mammospheres was measured by the ALDEFLUOR assay. The expression levels of Sox-2, Bmi-1, and P-Akt and the nuclear localization of hypoxia inducible $factor-1{\alpha}$ in MCF-7 mammospheres were verified by immunoblot analysis. Results: Both RGE and Rg3 decreased the viability of breast cancer cells and significantly reduced the populations of $CD44^{high}/CD24^{low}$ in MDA-MB-231 cells. RGE and Rg3 treatment attenuated the expression of Sox-2 and Bmi-1 by inhibiting the nuclear localization of hypoxia inducible $factor-1{\alpha}$ in MCF-7 mammospheres. Suppression of the manifestation of breast cancer stem cell-like properties by Rg3 was mediated through the blockade of Akt-mediated self-renewal signaling. Conclusion: This study suggests that Rg3 has a therapeutic potential targeting breast cancer stem cells.
Keywords
Breast cancer stem cells; Ginseng; Ginsenoside Rg3; Red ginseng extract; Self-renewal;
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