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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.006

Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D  

Cho, Young-Keol (Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Kim, Jung-Eun (Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Lee, Sun-Hee (Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital)
Foley, Brian T. (HIV Databases, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory)
Choi, Byeong-Sun (Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.43, no.2, 2019 , pp. 312-318 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: To date, no study has described disease progression in Asian patients infected with HIV-1 subtype D. Methods: To determine whether the disease progression differs in patients infected with subtypes D and B prior to starting combination antiretroviral therapy, the annual decline (AD) in $CD^{4+}$ T cell counts over $96{\pm}59months$ was retrospectively analyzed in 163 patients and compared in subtypes D and B based on the nef gene. Results: $CD^{4+}$ T cell AD was significantly higher in the six subtype D-infected patients than in the 157 subtype B-infected patients irrespective of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatment (p < 0.001). Of these, two subtype D-infected patients and 116 subtype B-infected patients had taken KRG. AD was significantly lower in patient in the KRG-treated group than in those in the $KRG-na{\ddot{i}}ve$ group irrespective of subtype (p < 0.05). To control for the effect of KRG, patients not treated with KRG were analyzed, with AD found to be significantly greater in subtype D-infected patients than in subtype B-infected patients (p < 0.01). KRG treatment had a greater effect on AD in subtype D-infected patients than in subtype B-infected patients (4.5-fold vs. 1.6-fold). Mortality rates were significantly higher in both the 45 $KRG-na{\ddot{i}}ve$ (p < 0.001) and all 163 (p < 0.01) patients infected with subtype D than subtype B. Conclusion: Subtype D infection is associated with a >2-fold higher risk of death and a 2.9-fold greater rate of progression than subtype B, regardless of KRG treatment.
Keywords
AIDS; Disease progression; HIV-1 subtype D; Korean Red Ginseng; nef gene;
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