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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.03.008

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells  

Kim, Sokho (Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Oh, Myung-Hoon (Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Kim, Bum-Seok (Bio-safety Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Kim, Won-Il (Bio-safety Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Cho, Ho-Seong (Bio-safety Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Park, Byoung-Yong (Bio-safety Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Park, Chul (Bio-safety Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Shin, Gee-Wook (Bio-safety Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Kwon, Jungkee (Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.39, no.4, 2015 , pp. 365-370 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to $200{\mu}M$) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.
Keywords
ginsenoside Ro; heme oxygenase-1; inflammation; lipopolysaccharide; macrophage;
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