Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2014.12.001

Ginseng total saponin attenuates myocardial injury via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties  

Aravinthan, Adithan (College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University)
Kim, Jong Han (Innovative Technology Research Laboratory, Korean Ginseng Corporation)
Antonisamy, Paulrayer (College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University)
Kang, Chang-Won (College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University)
Choi, Jonghee (Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University)
Kim, Nam Soo (College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University)
Kim, Jong-Hoon (College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.39, no.3, 2015 , pp. 206-212 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Ginseng total saponin (GTS) contains various ginsenosides. These ginsenosides are widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases in Asian communities. The aim of this study was to study the effects of GTS on cardiac injury after global ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in isolated guinea pig hearts. Methods: Animals were subjected to normothermic ischemia for 60 minutes, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. GTS significantly increased aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output. Moreover, GTS significantly increased left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximal rate of contraction ($+dP/dt_{max}$) and relaxation ($-dP/dt_{max}$). In addition, GTS has been shown to ameliorate electrocardiographic changes such as the QRS complex, QT interval, and RR interval. Results: GTS significantly suppressed the biochemical parameters (i.e., lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB fraction, and cardiac troponin I levels) and normalized the oxidative stress markers (i.e., malondialdehyde, glutathione, and nitrite). In addition, GTS also markedly inhibits the expression of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$, and improves the expression of IL-10 in cardiac tissue. Conclusion: These data indicate that GTS mitigates myocardial damage by modulating the biochemical and oxidative stress related to cardiac I/R injury.
Keywords
antioxidative enzymes; cardioprotection; hemodynamics; myocardial infarction; Panax ginseng;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Massoudy P, Becker BF, Gerlach E. Bradykinin accounts for improved postischemic function and decreased glutathione release of guinea pig heart treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramiprilat. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994;23:632-9.   DOI
2 Wang GF, Satake M, Horita K. Spectrophotometric determination of nitrate and nitrite in water and some fruit samples using column preconcentration. Talanta 1998;46:671-8.   DOI
3 Ostadal B. The past, the present and the future of experimental research on myocardial ischemia and protection. Pharmacol Rep 2009;61:3-12.   DOI
4 Gross GJ, Kersten JR, Warltier DC. Mechanisms of postischemic contractile dysfunction. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:1898-904.   DOI
5 Verma S, Fedak PW, Weisel RD, Butany J, Rao V, Maitland A, Li RK, Dhillon B, Yau TM. Fundamentals of reperfusion injury for the clinical cardiologist. Circulation 2002;105:2332-6.   DOI
6 Buja LM. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Pathol 2005;14:170-5.   DOI
7 Kim JH. Cardiovascular diseases and Panax ginseng: a review on molecular mechanisms and medical applications. J Ginseng Res 2012;36:16-26.   DOI
8 Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN, Ray C. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. Indian J Exp Biol 1968;6:232-47.
9 Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC, Katan MB, Kromhout D. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart diseases. The Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993;342:1007-11.   DOI
10 Park YH, Kim YC, Park SU, Lim HS, Kim JB, Cho BK, Bae HH. Age-dependent distribution of fungal endophytes in Panax ginseng roots cultivated in Korea. J Ginseng Res 2012;36:327-33.   DOI
11 Zhou H, Hou SZ, Luo P, Zeng B, Wang JR, Wong YF, Jiang ZH, Liu L. Ginseng protects rodent hearts from acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through GR/ER-activated RISK pathway in an endothelial NOS-dependent mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;17;135:287-98.   DOI
12 Guo L, Dong Z, Guthrie H. Validation of a guinea pig Langendorff heart model for assessing potential cardiovascular liability of drug candidates. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2009;60:130-51.   DOI
13 Kim TH, Lee SM. The effects of ginseng total saponin, panaxadiol and panaxatriol on ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:1516-20.   DOI
14 Kim JH. Protective roles of ginseng saponin in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Ginseng Res 2009;33:283-93.   DOI
15 Massoudy P, Beblo S, Raschke P, Zahler S, Becker BF. Influence of intact left atrial appendage on hemodynamic parameters of isolated guinea pig heart. Eur J Med Res 1998;3:470-4.
16 Minematsu T, Ohtani H, Yamada Y, Sawada Y, Sato H, Iga T. Quantitative relationship between myocardial concentration of tacrolimus and QT prolongation in guinea pigs: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model incorporating a site of adverse effect. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2001;28: 533-54.   DOI
17 Ohtani H, Hanada E, Yamamoto K, Sawada Y, Iga T. Pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic analysis of the electrocardiographic effects of terfenadine and quinidine in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 1996;19:1189-96.   DOI
18 Asha S, Radha E. Effect of age and myocardial infarction on serum and heart lactic dehydrogenase. Exp Gerontol 1985;20:67-70.   DOI
19 Gerhardt W, Ljungdahl L, Herbert AK. Troponin T and CK-MB (mass) in early diagnosis of ischemic myocardial injury. Clin Biochem 1993;26:231-40.   DOI
20 Bertinchant JP, Larue C, Pernel I, Ledermann B, Fabbro-Peray P, Beck L, Calzolari C, Trinquier S, Nigond J, Pau B. Release kinetics of serum cardiac troponin I in ischemic myocardial injury. Clin Biochem 1996;29:587-94.   DOI
21 Yi P, Zhongwei S. Characterization of QT and RR interval series during acute myocardial ischemia by means of recurrence quantification analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput 2011;49:25-31.   DOI
22 Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxidase in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351-8.   DOI
23 Beutler E. The glutathione instability of drug sensitive red cells: a new method for the in vitro detection of drug sensitivity. J Lab Clin Med 1957;49:84-95.
24 Chen Z, Wu Z, Huang C, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Lu X, Mao L, Li S. Effect of lipoxin A4 on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury following cardiac arrest in a rabbit model. Inflammation 2013;36:468-75.   DOI
25 Kaul N, Siveski-Iliskovic N, Hill M, Slezak J, Singal PK. Free radicals and the heart. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1993;30:55-67.   DOI
26 Robicsek F, Schaper J. Reperfusion injury: fact or myth? J Card Surg 1997;12: 133-7.
27 Ikizler M, Erkasap N, Dernek S, Kural T, Kaygisiz Z. Dietary polyphenol quercetin protects rat hearts during reperfusion: enhanced antioxidant capacity with chronic treatment. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2007;7:404-10.
28 Yang J, Jiang H, Yang J, Ding JW, Chen LH, Li S, Zhang XD. Valsartan preconditioning protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through TLR4/NF-${\kappa}$B signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2009;330:39-46.   DOI
29 Liu Q, Kou JP, Yu BY. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against hydrogen peroxideinduced cell death in PC12 cells via inhibiting NF-${\kappa}$B activation. Neurochem Int 2011;58:119-25.   DOI