[KSCI] Korea Science Citation Index Service

http://dx.doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.8

A comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system

Kim, Hee Jin (Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
Kim, Pitna (Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
Shin, Chan Young (Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University)

Publication Information

Journal of Ginseng Research / v.37, no.1, 2013 , pp. 8-29 More about this Journal

Abstract

Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in human. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are most widely investigated diseases among all others in respect to the ginseng's therapeutic effects. These include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, depression, and many other neurological disorders including neurodevelopmental disorders. Not only the various types of diseases but also the diverse array of target pathways or molecules ginseng exerts its effect on. These range, for example, from neuroprotection to the regulation of synaptic plasticity and from regulation of neuroinflammatory processes to the regulation of neurotransmitter release, too many to mention. In general, ginseng and even a single compound of ginsenoside produce its effects on multiple sites of action, which make it an ideal candidate to develop multi-target drugs. This is most important in CNS diseases where multiple of etiological and pathological targets working together to regulate the final pathophysiology of diseases. In this review, we tried to provide comprehensive information on the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on neurodegenerative and other neurological diseases. Side by side comparison of the therapeutic effects in various neurological disorders may widen our understanding of the therapeutic potential of ginseng in CNS diseases and the possibility to develop not only symptomatic drugs but also disease modifying reagents based on ginseng.

Keywords

Panax ginseng; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; Ischemia; Neurodevelopmental disorders;

Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By KSCI : 7 (Citation Analysis)

Reference
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3	(2014) Molecules Ginsenoside Rb1 Protects Rat Neural Progenitor Cells against Oxidative Injury / 19 (3) , 3012
5	(2014) Molecules Evaluation of Four Different Analytical Tools to Determine the Regional Origin of Gastrodia elata and Rehmannia glutinosa on the Basis of Metabolomics Study / 19 (5) , 6294
1741-4288	(2014) Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 Stimulate Melanogenesis in Human Epidermal Melanocytes via PKA/CREB/MITF Signaling / 2014 (1741-4288) , 1
2090-8873	(2014) Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry by FT-NIR Spectroscopy / 2014 (2090-8873) , 1
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1	(2015) Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Caspase-mediated Apoptotic Effects of Diol-type Ginseng Sapogenins on Human Hepatoma Cell Lines / 36 (1) , 431
2	(2015) Clinical Toxicology on driving performance / 53 (2) , 108
1662-453X	(2016) Frontiers in Neuroscience GABA-BZD Receptor Modulating Mechanism of Panax quinquefolius against 72-h Sleep Deprivation Induced Anxiety like Behavior: Possible Roles of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation / 10 (1662-453X)
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2	(2016) European Journal of Neuroscience Ginsenoside Rg1 reverses stress-induced depression-like behaviours and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression within the prefrontal cortex / 44 (2) , 1878
3	(2016) Molecular Neurobiology Korean Red Ginseng and Ginsenoside-Rb1/-Rg1 Alleviate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Th1 and Th17 Cells and Upregulating Regulatory T Cells / 53 (3) , 1977
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6	(2016) Aging and Disease Pretreatment with Ginseng Fruit Saponins Affects Serotonin Expression in an Experimental Comorbidity Model of Myocardial Infarction and Depression / 7 (6) , 680
2	Bombi Lee. (2016) Journal of Natural Medicines Ginsenoside Rb1 rescues anxiety-like responses in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder / 70 (2) , 133
10	(2017) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology A literature update elucidating production of Panax ginsenosides with a special focus on strategies enriching the anti-neoplastic minor ginsenosides in ginseng preparations / 101 (10) , 4009
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1942-0994	(2017) Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Behavioral Abnormalities and Modulates the Hippocampal Proteomic Change in Triple Transgenic Mice of Alzheimer’s Disease / 2017 (1942-0994) , 1
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4	(2017) European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions with Panax ginseng / 42 (4) , 545
07	(2017) The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Acupuncture plus Herbal Medicine for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / 45 (07) , 1327
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9	(2017) Nutrients Ginseng Extract G115 Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Depression in Mice by Increasing Brain BDNF Levels / 9 (9) , 931
1573-6830	(2017) Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Inhibition of Autophagy is Involved in the Protective Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Spinal Cord Injury / (1573-6830)
12	(2014) Journal of Medicinal Food Dietary Supplementation of Chinese Ginseng Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice / 17 (12) , 1287
9	(2014) International Journal of Molecular Sciences Antioxidative Dietary Compounds Modulate Gene Expression Associated with Apoptosis, DNA Repair, Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Migration / 15 (9) , 16226
10	(2016) Journal of Medicinal Food Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Attenuates Phencyclidine-Induced Abnormal Behaviors in Mice by Positive Modulation of Glutathione in the Prefrontal Cortex of Mice / 19 (10) , 961
2	(2017) International Journal of Molecular Sciences Neurogenic Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease / 18 (2) , 272
1	(2019) Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents and its constituents, ginsenosides and gintonin, in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders: a patent review / 29 (1) , 55
1662-5102	(2018) Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience Korean Red Ginseng Pretreatment Protects Against Long-Term Sensorimotor Deficits After Ischemic Stroke Likely Through Nrf2 / 12 (1662-5102)
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4	(2018) Food Science and Biotechnology Synergistic effect of Korean red ginseng and Pueraria montana var. lobata against trimethyltin-induced cognitive impairment / 27 (4) , 1193
9	(2018) Food and Bioprocess Technology Effects of 60Co-γ and Electron Beam Irradiation on Storage Quality of Panax ginseng / 11 (9) , 1627
7	(2018) The journal of nutrition, health & aging A Combination of Essential Fatty Acids, Panax Ginseng Extract, and Green Tea Catechins Modifies Brain fMRI Signals in Healthy Older Adults / 22 (7) , 837
7	(2018) Food Reviews International and their improved bioactivities / 34 (7) , 698
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71	(2018) Oncotarget Active ginseng components in cognitive impairment: Therapeutic potential and prospects for delivery and clinical study / 9 (71) , 33601
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10	(2013) Xenobiotica In vitro modulatory effects of ginsenoside compound K, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol on uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase activity and expression / 51 (10) , 1087
21	(2013) Natural product research New and known phenylpropanoid glycosides from mountain cultivated ginseng / 35 (21) , 3992
14	(2013) Journal of attention disorders Efficacy of Omega-3 and Korean Red Ginseng in Children with Subthreshold ADHD: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial / 25 (14) , 1977
23	(2013) International journal of molecular sciences Korean Red Ginseng Improves Astrocytic Mitochondrial Function by Upregulating HO-1-Mediated AMPKα-PGC-1α-ERRα Circuit after Traumatic Brain Injury / 22 (23) , 13081
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