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http://dx.doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.413

Frequent Genetic Defects in the HIV-1 5'LTR/gag Gene in Hemophiliacs Treated with Korean Red Ginseng: Decreased Detection of Genetic Defects by Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy  

Cho, Young-Keol (Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Jung, You-Sun (Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Sung, Heung-Sup (Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Joo, Chul-Hyun (Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.35, no.4, 2011 , pp. 413-420 More about this Journal
Abstract
We investigated whether Korean red ginseng (KRG) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) affect the frequency of gross deletion in 5'LTR/gag in 20 hemophiliacs. This study is a prospective study in 20 hemophiliacs who were infected with Korean subclade B of HIV-1 from two cash-paid plasma donors in 1990. Over a 13-year period, we obtained 436 amplicons of 5'LTR/gag genes by nested polymerase chain reaction using 147 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Of the 436 amplicons, 92 (21.1%) showed gross deletion in 5'LTR/gag. Despite of a 2.3-fold higher monthly dose of KRG intake, the frequency of gross deletion in 5'LTR/gag (16.4%) was significantly decreased during HAART compared with 28.1% prior to HAART (p<0.01). Gross deletion in 5'LTR/gag was 10% more detected on KRG-therapy than prior to KRG-therapy (p<0.05). In addition, we also obtained 28 amplicons containing premature stop codon or isoleucine at initiation codon of 254 amplicons sequenced on KRG intake (7.5%) or HAART (13.6%) compared with 0% before KRG intake. These findings indicate that high frequency of gross deletion in 5'LTR/gag and genetic defects prior to HAART are significantly associated with KRG intake and the detection of gross deletion in 5'LTR/gag is decreased by HAART.
Keywords
Panax ginseng; Korean red ginseng; HIV-1 5'LTR/gag; Genetic defects; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome;
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