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http://dx.doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2007.31.4.181

Compound K (CK) Rich Fractions from Korean Red Ginseng Inhibit Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 4- or TLR9-mediated Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Activation and Pro-inflammatory Responses in Murine Macrophages  

Yang, Chul-Su (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University)
Ko, Sung-Ryong (Ginseng Research Group, KT&G Central Research Institute)
Cho, Byung-Goo (Ginseng Research Group, KT&G Central Research Institute)
Lee, Ji-Yeon (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Ki-Hye (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University)
Shin, Dong-Min (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University)
Yuk, Jae-Min (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University)
Sohn, Hyun-Joo (Ginseng Research Group, KT&G Central Research Institute)
Kim, Young-Sook (Ginseng Research Group, KT&G Central Research Institute)
Wee, Jae-Joon (Ginseng Research Group, KT&G Central Research Institute)
Do, Jae-Ho (Ginseng Research Group, KT&G Central Research Institute)
Jo, Eun-Kyeong (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.31, no.4, 2007 , pp. 181-190 More about this Journal
Abstract
Compound K (CK), a protopanaxadiol ginsenoside metabolite, was previously shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we isolated the CK rich fractions (CKRF) from Korean Red Ginseng and investigated the regulation of CKRF-mediated inflammatory signaling during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated cellular activation. Among various TLR ligands, CKRF considerably abrogated TLR4- or TLR9-induced inflammatory signaling. Both LPS and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulation rapidly activates mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and p38], NF-${\kappa}B$, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Of interest, pre-treatment of CKRF in either LPS/TLR4- or CpG-ODN/TLR9-stimulated macrophages substantially attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and mRNA expressions, as well as MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the inhibitory roles for CKRF in TLR4- or TLR9-associated signaling in BMDMs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CKRF specifically modulates distinct TLR4 and TLR9-mediated inflammatory responses, and further studies are urgently needed for their in vivo roles for potential therapeutic uses, such as in systemic inflammatory syndromes.
Keywords
Compound K-rich fractions; Toll-like receptors; Mitogen-activated protein kinases; Inflammation;
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