A retrospective study of incidental findings occurring in a consecutive case series of lateral cephalograms of 12- to 20-year-old patients referred for routine orthodontic treatment |
MacDonald, David
(Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia)
Patel, Akash (Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia) Zou, Bingshuang (Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia) Yen, Edwin (Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia) Vora, Siddharth R. (Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia) |
1 | Moffitt AH. Discovery of pathologies by orthodontists on lateral cephalograms. Angle Orthod 2011; 81: 58-63. DOI |
2 | MacDonald D, Yu W. Incidental findings in a consecutive series of digital panoramic radiographs. Imaging Sci Dent 2020; 50: 53-64. DOI |
3 | Monsarrat P, Galibourg A, Nasr K, Telmon N, Maret D. Incidental findings in dental radiology are concerning for family doctors. Open Med (Wars) 2019; 14: 467-78. DOI |
4 | American Association of Orthodontists. Clinical practice guidelines for orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics [Internet]. c1996 [updated 2019; cited 2022 Mar 30]. Available from: https://assets-prod-www1.aaoinfo.org/assets-prod-www1/2019/11/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines-2019.pdf |
5 | Oh MH, Kim EA, Park AH, Kim M, Cho JH. Part I. What drives Korean adults to seek orthodontic treatment: reliability and validity of a measurement instrument for the perception of orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod 2020; 50: 363-72. DOI |
6 | Jha N, Kim YJ, Lee Y, Lee JY, Lee WJ, Sung SJ. Projected lifetime cancer risk from cone-beam computed tomography for orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod 2021; 51: 189-98. DOI |
7 | Anderson SM, Lim HJ, Kim KB, Kim SW, Kim SJ. Clustering of craniofacial patterns in Korean children with snoring. Korean J Orthod 2017; 47: 248-55. DOI |
8 | Bisk S, Lee FA. Abnormalities found on cephalometric radiographs. Angle Orthod 1976; 46: 381-6. |
9 | Oh MH, Park AH, Kim M, Kim EA, Cho JH. Part II. What drives Korean adults to seek orthodontic treatment: factors contributing to orthodontic treatment decisions. Korean J Orthod 2021; 51: 3-14. DOI |
10 | MacDonald-Jankowski DS, Li TT. Taurodontism in a young adult Chinese population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1993; 22: 140-4. DOI |
11 | MacDonald D. Taurodontism. Oral Radiol 2020; 36: 129-32. DOI |
12 | Cuschieri A, Cuschieri S, Zammit C. Sella turcica bridging: a systematic review. Surg Radiol Anat 2022; 44: 381-9. DOI |
13 | Jankowski T, Jedlinski M, Grocholewicz K, Janiszewska-Olszowska J. Sella turcica morphology on cephalometric radiographs and dental abnormalities - is there any association? - Systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18: 4456. DOI |
14 | Kucia A, Jankowski T, Siewniak M, Janiszewska-Olszowska J, Grocholewicz K, Szych Z, et al. Sella turcica anomalies on lateral cephalometric radiographs of Polish children. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2014; 43: 20140165. DOI |
15 | Griessenauer CJ, Veith P, Mortazavi MM, Stewart C, Grochowsky A, Loukas M, et al. Enlarged parietal foramina: a review of genetics, prognosis, radiology, and treatment. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29: 543-7. DOI |
16 | Mavrogiannis LA, Wilkie AO. Enlarged parietal foramina. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Gripp KW, et al. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2022 [updated 2019 Nov 27; cited 2022 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1128 |
17 | Lustrin ES, Karakas SP, Ortiz AO, Cinnamon J, Castillo M, Vaheesan K, et al. Pediatric cervical spine: normal anatomy, variants, and trauma. Radiographics 2003; 23: 539-60. DOI |
18 | Wang Q, Dong S, Wang F. Os odontoideum: diagnosis and role of imaging. Surg Radiol Anat 2020; 42: 155-60. DOI |
19 | Helenius IJ, Bauer JM, Verhofste B, Sponseller PD, Krengel WF, Hedequist D, et al. Os odontoideum in children: treatment outcomes and neurological risk factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 101: 1750-60. DOI |
20 | Soni P, Sharma V, Sengupta J. Cervical vertebrae anomaliesincidental findings on lateral cephalograms. Angle Orthod 2008; 78: 176-80. DOI |
21 | Nouri A, Martin AR, Lange SF, Kotter MR, Mikulis DJ, Fehlings MG. Congenital cervical fusion as a risk factor for development of degenerative cervical myelopathy. World Neurosurg 2017; 100: 531-9. DOI |
22 | Kjellberg H, Pavlou I. Changes in the cervical spine of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis evaluated with lateral cephalometric radiographs: a case control study. Angle Orthod 2011; 81: 447-52. DOI |
23 | Natsis K, Lyrtzis C, Totlis T, Anastasopoulos N, Piagkou M. A morphometric study of the atlas occipitalization and coexisted congenital anomalies of the vertebrae and posterior cranial fossa with neurological importance. Surg Radiol Anat 2017; 39: 39-49. DOI |
24 | Chitroda PK, Katti G, Baba IA, Najmudin M, Ghali SR, Kalmath B, et al. Ponticulus posticus on the posterior arch of atlas, prevalence analysis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients of gulbarga population. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7: 3044-7. |
25 | Shahar D, Sayers MG. A morphological adaptation? The prevalence of enlarged external occipital protuberance in young adults. J Anat 2016; 229: 286-91. DOI |
26 | MacDonald D, Martin M, Savage K. Maxillofacial lymphomas. Br J Radiol 2021; 94: 20191041. DOI |
27 | Putrino A, Leonardi RM, Barbato E, Galluccio G. The association between ponticulus posticus and dental agenesis: a retrospective study. Open Dent J 2018; 12: 510-9. DOI |
28 | Tetradis S, Kantor ML. Prevalence of skeletal and dental anomalies and normal variants seen in cephalometric and other radiographs of orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999; 116: 572-7. DOI |
29 | Perez IE, Chavez AK, Ponce D. Frequency of sella turcica bridge and clinoid enlargement in lateral cephalometric plain film radiography from Peruvians. Int J Morphol 2013: 31; 373-7. DOI |
30 | Adisen MZ, Misirlioglu M. Prevalence of ponticulus posticus among patients with different dental malocclusions by digital lateral cephalogram: a comparative study. Surg Radiol Anat 2017; 39: 293-7. DOI |
31 | Hernandez G, Plaza SP, Cifuentes D, Villalobos LM, Ruiz LM. Incidental findings in pre-orthodontic treatment radiographs. Int Dent J 2018; 68: 320-6. DOI |
32 | Najmuddin M. Prevalence of ponticulus posticus on the posterior arch of the atlas in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Oral Radiol(in press). |
33 | Choi JY, Oh SH, Kim SH, Ahn HW, Kang YG, Choi YS, et al. Effectiveness of 2D radiographs in detecting CBCT-based incidental findings in orthodontic patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 9280. DOI |
34 | Duan H, Xia L, He W, Lin Y, Lu Z, Lan Q. Accuracy of lateral cephalogram for diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and posterior upper airway obstruction: a meta-analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 119: 1-9. DOI |
35 | Taveras JM, Wood EH. Diagnostic neuroradiology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1964. p. 242-50. |
36 | Lowry R. For a 2×2 contingency table [Internet]. Poughkeepsie (NY): VassarStats. Website for statistical computation. c1988-2020 [cited 2022 Mar 30]. Available from: http://vassarstats.net/tab2x2.html |
37 | Devereux L, Moles D, Cunningham SJ, McKnight M. How important are lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic treatment planning? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139: e175-81. DOI |
38 | Ishida T, Manabe A, Yang SS, Yoon HS, Kanda E, Ono T. Patterns of adenoid and tonsil growth in Japanese children and adolescents: a longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2018; 8: 17088. DOI |
39 | Takahashi A, Sugawara C, Kudoh T, Ohe G, Takamaru N, Tamatani T, et al. Prevalence and imaging characteristics of palatine tonsilloliths evaluated on 2244 pairs of panoramic radiographs and CT images. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21: 85-91. DOI |
40 | MacDonald-Jankowski DS. Calcification of the stylohyoid complex in Londoners and Hong Kong Chinese. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2001; 30: 35-9. DOI |
41 | MacDonald D, Chan A, Harris A, Vertinsky T, Farman AG, Scarfe WC. Diagnosis and management of calcified carotid artery atheroma: dental perspectives. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114: 533-47. DOI |
42 | MacDonald-Jankowski DS. Mucosal antral cysts in a Chinese population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1993; 22: 208-10. DOI |
43 | MacDonald-Jankowski DS. Mucosal antral cysts observed within a London inner-city population. Clin Radiol 1994; 49: 195-8. DOI |