Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5624/isd.2020.50.2.117

Sex determination by radiographic localization of the inferior alveolar canal using cone-beam computed tomography in an Egyptian population  

Mousa, Arwa (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University)
El Dessouky, Sahar (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University)
El Beshlawy, Dina (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University)
Publication Information
Imaging Science in Dentistry / v.50, no.2, 2020 , pp. 117-124 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible differences in the location of the inferior alveolar canal in male and female Egyptians. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study involved the evaluation of 210 CBCT scans of Egyptian individuals (18-70 years old). The inferior alveolar canal was localized by measuring 8 linear dimensions: 2 for the vertical localization of the mental foramen (superior and inferior to the mental foramen), 4 at the first molar bifurcation for the vertical and horizontal localization of the inferior alveolar canal (superior, inferior, buccal, and lingual to the inferior alveolar canal), and 2 for the horizontal localization of the mandibular foramen (anterior and posterior to the mandibular foramen). The measurements were statistically analyzed via comparative analysis, stepwise logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Six of the 8 measured distances differed to a statistically significant extent between the sexes. Regression analysis suggested a logistic function with a concordance index of 84%. The diagnostic accuracy capabilities of the linear measurements as sex predictors were calculated using ROC analysis, and the 6 best predictors for sex determination were selected and ranked from highest to lowest predictive power. Moreover, combining these 6 predictors increased the predictive power to 84%. Conclusion: The location of the inferior alveolar canal in the Egyptian population varies significantly by sex; accordingly, this anatomic landmark could be used as a reliable indicator of sexual dimorphism.
Keywords
Sex Determination Analysis; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Mandible;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Rathod V, Desai V, Pundir S, Dixit S, Chandraker R. Role of forensic dentistry for dental practitioners: a comprehensive study. J Forensic Dent Sci 2017; 9: 108-9.
2 Uppal MK, Iyengar AR, Patil S, Vausdev SB, Kotni RM, Joshi RK. Radiomorphometric localization of mental foramen and mandibular canal using cone beam computed tomography as an aid to gender determination - a retrospective study. Int Healthc Res J 2018; 2: 115-20.   DOI
3 Cartes G, Garay I, Deana NF, Navarro P, Alves N. Mandibular canal course and the position of the mental foramen by panoramic X-ray in Chilean individuals. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018: 2709401.   DOI
4 Cutright B, Quillopa N, Schubert W. An anthropometric analysis of the key foramina for maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61: 354-7.   DOI
5 Agthong S, Huanmanop T, Chentanez V. Anatomical variations of the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina related to gender and side. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63: 800-4.   DOI
6 Angel JS, Mincer HH, Chaudhry J, Scarbecz M. Cone-beam computed tomography for analyzing variations in inferior alveolar canal location in adults in relation to age and sex. J Forensic Sci 2011; 56: 216-9.   DOI
7 Jawaid M, Amir A, Shahnawaz K, Qamar Y, Upadhay P, Singh J. Maxillofacial imaging in forensic science: a newer approach. Int J Contemp Med Res 2016; 3: 2491-5.
8 de Oliveira Gamba T, Alves MC, Haiter-Neto F. Analysis of sexual dimorphism by locating the mandibular canal in images of cone-beam computed tomography. J Forensic Radiol Imaging 2014; 2: 72-6.   DOI
9 Taleb NS, Beshlawy ME. Mandibular ramus and gonial angle measurements as predictors of sex and age in an Egyptian population sample: a digital panoramic study. J Forensic Res 2015; 6: 308.
10 Suresh K, Chandrashekara S. Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies. J Hum Reprod Sci 2012; 5: 7-13.   DOI
11 Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer 1950; 3: 32-5.   DOI
12 Gopal S, Sundaram S. Sexual dimorphism by locating the mandibular canal in different positions using images from conebeam computed tomography. Am J Oral Med Radiol 2017; 4: 43-6.
13 Ozturk A, Potluri A, Vieira AR. Position and course of the mandibular canal in skulls. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 113: 453-8.   DOI
14 Haghanifar S, Amouyian B, Yaghoobi S, Bijani A. Assessment of the mandibular canal position in the mandibular body using cone beam computed tomography. J Babol Univ Med Sci 2017; 19: 21-8.
15 Amin WM. Osteometric assessment of various mandibular morphological traits for sexual dimorphism in Jordanians by discriminant function analysis. Int J Morphol 2018; 36: 642-50.   DOI
16 Rizzoli R, Bonjour JP. Hormones and bones. Lancet 1997; 349 Suppl 1: s120-3.
17 Kharoshah MA, Almadani O, Ghaleb SS, Zaki MK, Fattah YA. Sexual dimorphism of the mandible in a modern Egyptian population. J Forensic Leg Med 2010; 17: 213-5.   DOI
18 Rashid SA, Ali J. Sex determination using linear measurements related to the mental and mandibular foramina vertical positions on digital panoramic images. J Baghdad Coll Dent 2011; 23: 59-64.
19 Uysal T, Yagci A, Aldrees AM, Ekizer E. Ethnic differences in dentofacial relationships of Turkish and Saudi young adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces. Saudi Dent J 2011; 23: 183-90.   DOI
20 Laurent M, Antonio L, Sinnesael M, Dubois V, Gielen E, Classens F, et al. Androgens and estrogens in skeletal sexual dimorphism. Asian J Androl 2014; 16: 213-22.   DOI
21 Krishan K, Kanchan T, Garg AK. Dental evidence in forensic identification - an overview, methodology and present status. Open Dent J 2015; 9: 250-6.   DOI
22 Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. A method of comparing the area under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology 1983; 148: 839-43.   DOI
23 Greiner M, Pfeiffer D, Smith RD. Principles and practical application of the receiver operating characteristic analysis for diagnostic test. Prev Vet Med 2000; 45: 23-41.   DOI
24 Fluss R, Faraggi D, Reiser B. Estimation of Youden index and its associated cutoff point. Biom J 2005; 47: 458-72.   DOI
25 Perkins NJ, Schisterman EF. The inconsistency of "optimal" cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163: 670-5.   DOI
26 Hajian-Tilaki K. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for medical diagnostic test evaluation. Caspian J Intern Med 2013; 4: 627-35.
27 Gopalakrishnan S, Ganeshkumar P. Systematic reviews and meta- analysis: understanding the best evidence in primary healthcare. J Family Med Prim Care 2013; 2: 9-14.   DOI