Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.21598/JKPNFA.2020.18.3.333

Comparison of the Thickness of the Neck Flexor Between Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises During Chin-in Movement  

Lee, Ju-Hun (Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Kyungsung University)
Han, Jin-Tae (Department of Physical Therapy and Institute for Rehabilitation Science, Kyungsung University)
Publication Information
PNF and Movement / v.18, no.3, 2020 , pp. 333-341 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of open and closed kinetic chain exercises with a sling on neck flexor thickness during chin-in movement in office workers with forward head posture. Methods: Thirty-one selected subjects randomly performed chin-in movement in open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain exercises using a sling. All subjects were measured for their neck flexor thickness using ultrasound measurement equipment during the performance of chin-in movement in open and closed kinetic chain exercised. A paired t-test was used to compare the thickness of the total neck flexor, superficial, and deep neck flexor, respectively, between open and closed kinetic chain exercises with chin-in movement. Results: The thickness of the superficial neck flexor diminished in size more greatly during the chin-in movement with the closed kinetic chain than the open kinetic chain, but this was not a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the thickness of the total neck flexor and deep neck flexor had more greatly increased during the chin-in movement with the closed kinetic chain than the open kinetic chain, and this was a statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that chin-in movement with a closed kinetic chain is more effective in activating the deep neck flexor than the open kinetic chain. Thus, we believe that the closed kinetic chain exercise using a sling is an effective intervention to correct the postural alignment of individuals with forward head posture.
Keywords
Open-closed kinetic chain; Thickness of neck flexor; Sling; Forward head posture;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 12  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kim SY, Kim TY, Park SJ. A clinical with the principle of hanging point in the sling exercise therapy. The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy. 2003;9(2):25-45.
2 Kim TY, Kim SY. Theoretical basis and application of the Neurac technique which uses the sling exercise therapy. The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy. 2006;12(2):52-65.
3 Kim YJ, Park RJ. The effects of closed kinetic chain exercises of unstable floor on the stability of the knee joints of patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2008;3(1):11-20.
4 Kisner C, Colby LA. Therapeutic exercise therapy foundation, 5th ed. Philadelphia. F.A. Davis Co. 2007.
5 Kocur P, Wilski M, Goliwas M, et al. Influence of forward head posture on myotonometric measurements of superficial neck muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness in asymptomatic individuals with sedentary jobs. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2019;42(3):195-202.   DOI
6 Kwon MS, Jeon HR, Lee HJ. Comparing persons with neck pain experience to persons without neck pain experience in deep neck muscle size using ultrasonography images and neck muscle endurance time. Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2011;11(12):326-334.   DOI
7 Kwon SB, Lee HO. Effect of closed and open kinetic chain exercise after cruciate ligament reconstruction. The Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy. 2005;17(3):297-310.
8 Kwon YJ, Park SJ, Kim K. The effect of open and closed chain exercise on lower extremity muscle activity in adults. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2012;7(2):173-182.   DOI
9 Lee GC, Bae WS. The effect of shoulder exercise program for improving forward head posture. Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine.2015;3(3):1-8.
10 Bae WS, Kim JH. The effect of closed kinetic and open kinetic exercise on thickness of low back stabilization exercise using an ultrasonography imaging. Journal of The Korean Society Integrative Medicine. 2013;1(2):67-80.   DOI
11 Ucar M, Koca I, Eroglu M, et al. Evaluation of open and closed kinetic chain exercises in rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014;26(12):1875-1878.   DOI
12 Moon SJ, Kim TH, Roh JS. A comparison of the serratus anterior muscle activity according to the shoulder flexion angles in a closed kinetic chain exercise and an open kinetic chain exercise. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2013;8(3):369-378.   DOI
13 Cho HY. Effects of cervical stabilization exercise type on muscle strength and endurance, cross sectional area of cervical in patients with chronic cervical pain. Korean University. Dissertation of Doctorate Degree. 2011.
14 Falla D, Jull G, Paul D, et al. An electromyographic analysis of the deep cervical flexor muscles in performance of craniocervical flexor. Physical Therapy. 2003;83(10):899-906.   DOI
15 Falla D, Jull G, Hodges P. Patients with neck pain demonstrate reduced electromyographic activity of the deep cervical flexor muscles during performance of the craniocervical flexion test. Spine. 2004;29 (19):2108-2114.   DOI
16 Park JM, Lee SH. The effect of knee joint position sense through close and open kinetic chain exercise on the proprioception and balance ability of elderly people. Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy. 2018;22(2):27-32.   DOI
17 Park ES, Choi HS, Shin WS. Effect of craniocervical flexion exercise with masticatory contraction on deep cervical muscle thickness and neck disability index in patient with neck pain. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2016;11(4):139-146.   DOI
18 Prentice WE, Voight ML. Techniques in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. McGraw-Hill. 2005.
19 Yoo KT, Lee HS. Effects of therapeutic exercise on posture, pain and asymmetric muscle activity in a patient with forward head posture: case report. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2016;11(4):93-103.   DOI
20 Yoon KH, Kim K. Effect of craniocervical flexion exercise using sling on thickness of sternocleidomastoid muscle and deep flexor muscle. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2013;8(2):253-261.   DOI
21 Yun KH, Kim K. Effect of craniocervical flexion exercise using sling on thickness of sternocleidomastoid muscle and deep cervical flexor muscle. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2013;8(2):253-261.   DOI
22 Khayatzadeh S, Kalmanson OA, Schuit D, et al. Cervical spine muscle-tendon unit length difference between neutral and forward head posture: biomechanical study using human cadaveric specimens. Physical Therapy. 2017;97(7):756-766.   DOI
23 Jeon DH, Fell DW, Kim K. The suggestion of proper pressure level in cranio-cervical flexion exercise for deep cervical flexor by ultrasonographic measurement. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2011;6(4):497-504.
24 Jesus MFR, Ferreira, PH, Pereira LSM, et al. Ultrasonographic analysis of the neck flexor muscles in patients with chronic neck pain and changes after cervical spine mobilization. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 201134(8):514-524
25 Jull G, Falla D, Hodges P. The effect of therapeutic exercise on activation of the deep cervical flexor muscles in people with chronic neck pain. Manual Therapy. 2009;14(6):696-701.   DOI
26 Harman K, Hubley-Kozey CL, Burtler H. Effectiveness of an exercise program to improve forward head posture in normal adults: a randomized, controlled 10-week trial. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2005;3(3):163-176.
27 Ki SH, Song YK. Correlations of forward head posture to heart rate variability and standing posture balance factors. Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation. 2014;24(4):163-170.
28 Kim BG, Seo HK, Jung YW. The effect of sling exercise on lumbar stabilization and muscle strength. The Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy. 2004;16(4):603-612.
29 Kim EJ, Kim JW, Park BR. Effects of sling exercise program on muscle activity and cervical spine curvature of forward head posture. Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2011;11(11):213-220.   DOI
30 Kim SY, Cho HH. First and second Korean working conditions survey: a comparison between south Korea and EU countries. Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing. 2014;23(4):277-286.   DOI