Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5850/JKSCT.2022.46.6.1023

The Mediating Effect of Positive Body Image in the Association between Attitudes toward Aging and Life Satisfaction among Older Adults  

Minsun Lee (Dept. of Fashion Design, Konkuk University Glocal Campus)
Ki Hyang Han (Dept. of Fashion Design, Konkuk University Glocal Campus)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles / v.46, no.6, 2022 , pp. 1023-1038 More about this Journal
Abstract
In societies emphasizing the importance of youthful appearance, attitudes toward aging are closely related to how individuals perceive their own bodies, which can be a major determinant of psychological well-being among older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between attitudes toward aging, positive body image, and life satisfaction among older Korean adults, based on relative deprivation theory and social identity theory. Employing an online survey questionnaire, data was collected from 408 Korean aged 65 and over. The proposed research model was examined via partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results revealed that higher levels of psychosocial loss were associated with lower positive body image, while higher levels of physical change and psychological growth - a good example were associated with higher positive body image. Higher levels of positive body image were associated with higher life satisfaction. Overall, positive attitudes toward aging may increase positive body image and life satisfaction among older adults, controlling for subjective financial and health status. The results of this study emphasize that we should not overlook the importance of positive body image in psychological well-being among older adults.
Keywords
Attitudes toward aging; Positive body image; Life satisfaction; Older adults;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Social Science Information, 13(2), 65-93. doi:10.1177/053901847401300204   DOI
2 Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
3 Taylor, M. C. (2002). Fraternal deprivation, collective threat, and racial resentment: Perspectives on White racism. In I. Walker, & H. J. Smith (Eds.), Relative deprivation: Specification, development, and integration (pp. 13-43). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511527753.002   DOI
4 Tiggemann, M., & McCourt, A. (2013). Body appreciation in adult women: Relationships with age and body satisfaction. Body Image, 10(4), 624-627. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.003   DOI
5 Tougas, F., Lagace, M., De La Sablonniere, R., & Kocum, L. (2004). A new approach to the link between identity and relative deprivation in the perspective of ageism and retirement. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 59(1), 1-23. doi:10.2190/3WTN-63QQ-EJMGBGYA   DOI
6 Triana, M. d. C., Trzebiatowski, T., & Byun, S.-Y. (2017). Lowering the threshold for feeling mistreated: Perceived overqualification moderates the effects of perceived age discrimination on job withdrawal and somatic symptoms. Human Resource Management, 56(6), 979-994. doi:10.1002/hrm.21812   DOI
7 Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The Body Appreciation Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 12, 53-67. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006   DOI
8 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2019). World population ageing 2019: Highlights. New York, NY: Author.
9 Whitbourne, S. K., & Sneed, J. R. (2002). The paradox of wellbeing, identity processes, and stereotype threat: Ageism and its potential relationships to the self in later life. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 247-273). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
10 Yu, H., & Lee, M. (2019a). Ageism, attitudes toward aging, and body satisfaction by subjective socioeconomic and health status among older women. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 21(5), 586-596. doi:10.5805/SFTI.2019.21.5.586   DOI
11 Yu, H., & Lee, M. (2019b). The effects of perceived ageism and appearance satisfaction on appearance related quality of life among Korean older women. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 43(1), 112-124. doi:10.5850/JKSCT.2019.43.1.112   DOI
12 Allan, L. J., & Johnson, J. A. (2008). Undergraduate attitudes toward the elderly: The role of knowledge, contact and aging anxiety. Educational Gerontology, 35(1), 1-14. doi:10.1080/03601270802299780   DOI
13 An, S., Lee, H., & Chung, S. (2021). Social perceptions and attitudes toward the elderly shared online: Focusing on social big data analysis. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 41(4), 505-525. doi:10.31888/JKGS.2021.41.4.505   DOI
14 Antonucci, T. C., Blieszner, R., & Denmark, F. L. (2010). Psychological perspectives on older women. In H. Landrine, & N. F. Russo (Eds.), Handbook of diversity in feminist psychology (pp. 233-257). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
15 Avalos, L., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. (2005). The Body Appreciation Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 2(3), 285-297. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002   DOI
16 Bellani, L., & D'Ambrosio, C. (2011). Deprivation, social exclusion and subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 104(1), 67-86. doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9718-0   DOI
17 Bergman, Y. S. (2022). Ageism and psychological distress in older adults: The moderating role of self-esteem and body image. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 41(3), 836-841. doi:10.1177/07334648211009658   DOI
18 Bryant, C., Bei, B., Gilson, K., Komiti, A., Jackson, H., & Judd, F. (2012). The relationship between attitudes to aging and physical and mental health in older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(10), 1674-1683. doi:10.1017/S1041610212000774   DOI
19 Bugental, D. B., & Hehman, J. A. (2007). Ageism: A review of research and policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 1(1), 173-216. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2007.00007.x   DOI
20 Calasanti, T. (2005). Ageism, gravity, and gender: Experiences of aging bodies. Generations, 29(3), 8-12.
21 Cameron, E., Ward, P., Mandville-Anstey, S. A., & Coombs, A. (2019). The female aging body: A systematic review of female perspectives on aging, health, and body image. Journal of Women & Aging, 31(1), 3-17. doi:10.1080/08952841.2018.1449586   DOI
22 Choi, H. K., & Lee, S. H. (2021). The impact of older adults' health status on their life satisfaction: Mediating and moderating effect of attitude toward one's own aging. Journal of Social Science, 32(1), 309-327. doi:10.16881/jss.2021.01.32.1.309   DOI
23 Crosby, F. (1976). A model of egoistical relative deprivation. Psychological Review, 83(2), 85-113. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.83.2.85   DOI
24 Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13   DOI
25 Gendron, T. L., Inker, J., & Welleford, E. A. (2018). A theory of relational ageism: A discourse analysis of the 2015 White House Conference on Aging. The Gerontologist, 58(2), 242-250. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw155   DOI
26 Greitemeyer, T., & Sagioglou, C. (2019). The impact of personal relative deprivation on aggression over time. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(6), 664-675. doi:10.1080/00224545.2018.1549013   DOI
27 Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Education.
28 Hair, J. F. Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
29 Halliwell, E., & Dittmar, H. (2003). A qualitative investigation of women's and men's body image concerns and their attitudes toward aging. Sex Roles, 49(11-12), 675-684. doi:10.1023/B:SERS.0000003137.71080.97   DOI
30 Han, S.-J., & Kim, H.-S. (2015). Influences on the aging anxiety of university students. Journal of the Korea Academia- Industrial cooperation Society, 16(2), 1164-1174. doi:10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.2.1164   DOI
31 Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J., & White, K. M. (1995). A tale of two theories: A critical comparison of identity theory with social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58(4), 255-269. doi:10.2307/2787127   DOI
32 Inoue, Y., Howard, A. G., Yazawa, A., Kondo, N., & GordonLarsen, P. (2019). Relative deprivation of assets defined at multiple geographic scales, perceived stress and self-rated health in China. Health & Place, 58:102117. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.04.007   DOI
33 Jackson, L. A. (2002). Physical attractiveness: A sociocultural perspective. In T. F. Cash, & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice (pp. 13-21). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
34 Kawakami, K., & Dion, K. L. (1995). Social identity and affect as determinants of collective action: Toward an integration of relative deprivation and social identity theories. Theory & Psychology, 5(4), 551-577. doi:10.1177/0959354395054005   DOI
35 Kim, E.-K., & Ha, K.-S. (2013). The effects of social participation and social support on quality of life of the elderly. The Journal of Digital Policy & Management, 11(12), 811-820. doi:10.14400/JDPM.2013.11.12.811   DOI
36 Kim, H.-C. (2019). Depression as a mediator in the relation between the socioeconomic deprivation life satisfaction in older adults. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 19(2), 231-247. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.02.231   DOI
37 Kim, H.-S., & Park, S.-M. (2006). The effect of the perceived legitimacy and stability of group status and the group identity on the perception of discrimination. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 20(4), 71-95.
38 Kim, J.-H., & Park, J.-Y. (2015). The influence of anxiety over aging of the elderly group on successful aging and the mediation effect of social support. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 15(9), 210-222. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2015.15.09.210   DOI
39 Kim, K.-m., & Hahn, Y.-s. (2008). Gender social identity, relative deprivation and collective action of Korean women. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 13(4), 453-477. doi:10.18205/kpa.2008.13.4.004   DOI
40 Kim, S. (2020). The relationship of ageism, leisure-time utilization, and feelings of loneliness among older adults living in metropolitan areas. Health and Social Welfare Review, 40(4), 211-244. doi:10.15709/hswr.2020.40.4.211   DOI
41 Kim, S.-y., Heo, S.-h., & Chang, S.-j. (2018). The effects of socioeconomic deprivation on health status in the elderly: Focusing on the mediating role of depression. Health and Social Welfare Review, 38(1), 88-124. doi:10.15709/hswr.2018.38.1.88   DOI
42 Kong, F., & You, X. (2013). Loneliness and self-esteem as mediators between social support and life satisfaction in late adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 110(1), 271-279. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9930-6   DOI
43 Kozar, J. M., & Damhorst, M. L. (2009). Comparison of the ideal and real body as women age: Relationships to age identity, body satisfaction and importance, and attention to models in advertising. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 27(3), 197-210. doi:10.1177/0887302X08326351   DOI
44 Kunst, J. R., & Obaidi, M. (2020). Understanding violent extremism in the 21st century: the (re)emerging role of relative deprivation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 35, 55-59. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.010   DOI
45 Laidlaw, K., Kishita, N., Shenkin, S. D., & Power, M. J. (2018). Development of a short form of the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ). International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(1), 113-121. doi:10.1002/gps.4687   DOI
46 Laidlaw, K., Power, M. J., Schmidt, S., & the WHOQOL-OLD Group. (2007). The Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ): development and psychometric properties. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(4), 367-379. doi:10.1002/gps.1683   DOI
47 Lee, S. (2021). A comparative study of quality of life in the elderly care recipient between formal care and informal care. Korean Journal of Social Welfare, 73(4), 87-111. doi:10.20970/kasw.2021.73.4.004   DOI
48 Levy, B. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychological approach to aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(6), 332-336. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01662.x   DOI
49 Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., Kunkel, S. R., & Kasl, S. V. (2002). Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(2), 261-270. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.83.2.261   DOI
50 Lim, W. G. (2020). The effect of social exclusion on the satisfaction of older people's life: The mediated effect of leisure activities. Korean Journal of Educational Gerontology, 6(2), 27-51. doi:10.31748/KSEG.2020.6.2.27   DOI
51 Marquet, M., Chasteen, A. L., Plaks, J. E., & Balasubramaniam, L. (2019). Understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of negative age stereotypes and perceived age discrimination on older adults' well-being. Aging & Mental Health, 23(12), 1666-1673. doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1514487   DOI
52 Meneses, L., Torres, S., Miller, K. M., & Barbosa, M. R. (2019). Extending the use of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in older adults: A Portuguese validation study. Body Image, 29, 74-81. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.02.011   DOI
53 Misra, R., Alexy, B., & Panigrahi, B. (1996). The relationships among self-esteem, exercise, and self-rated health in older women. Journal of Women & Aging, 8(1), 81-94. doi:10.1300/J074v08n01_09   DOI
54 Moser, C., Spagnoli, J., & Santos-Eggimann, B. (2011). Selfperception of aging and vulnerability to adverse outcomes at the age of 65-70 years. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66B(6), 675-680. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr052   DOI
55 Noh, J. H. (2018). What are needed for satisfied life of the elderly?: Focusing on wealth, health and economic activities. GRI Review, 20(2), 287-317.
56 Phelan, E. A., Anderson, L. A., LaCroix, A. Z., & Larson, E. B. (2004). Older adults' views of "successful aging"-How do they compare with researchers' definitions? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(2), 211-216. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52056.x   DOI
57 Reboussin, B. A., Rejeski, W. J., Martin, K. A., Callahan, K., Dunn, A. L., King, A. C., & Sallis, J. F. (2000). Correlates of satisfaction with body function and body appearance in middle- and older aged adults: The activity counseling trial (ACT). Psychology & Health, 15(2), 239-254. doi:10.1080/08870440008400304   DOI
58 Runciman, W. G. (1966). Relative deprivation and social justice: A study of attitudes to social inequality in twentieth-century England. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
59 Sabik, N. J. (2015). Ageism and body esteem: Associations with psychological well-being among late middle-aged African American and European American women. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(2), 189-199. doi:10.1093/geronb/ gbt080   DOI
60 Sabik, N. J., & Cole, E. R. (2017). Growing older and staying positive: Associations between diverse aging women's perceptions of age and body satisfaction. Journal of Adult Development, 24(3), 177-188. doi:10.1007/s10804-016-9256-3   DOI
61 Sanchez-Cabrero, R., Carranza-Herrezuelo, N., Novillo-Lopez, M. A., & Pericacho-Gomez, F. J. (2020). The importance of physical appearance during the ageing process in Spain. Interrelation between body and life satisfaction during maturity and the old age. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 44(3), 210-224. doi:10.1080/01924788.2019.1651187   DOI
62 Smith, H. J., Pettigrew, T. F., Pippin, G. M., & Bialosiewicz, S. (2012). Relative deprivation: A theoretical and meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(3), 203-232. doi:10.1177/1088868311430825   DOI
63 Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 224-237. doi:10.2307/2695870   DOI
64 Swift, H. J., & Chasteen, A. L. (2021). Ageism in the time of COVID-19. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(2), 246-252. doi:10.1177/1368430220983452   DOI