Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5850/JKSCT.2021.45.6.1063

The Effect of Reflected Appraisals on Selfie Behavior and the Moderating Effect of Hoped-for Self  

Kim, Hyunsook (Dept. of Clothing and Textiles, Pai Chai University)
Yoon, Namhee (Human Ecology Research Center, Korea University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles / v.45, no.6, 2021 , pp. 1063-1074 More about this Journal
Abstract
Selfie behavior, the act of taking a picture of oneself and distributing it on social media, has become increasingly popular. Researching how to communicate with others in a social context and express hoped-for self through selfies is essential for studying consumers in the digital age. This study investigates the effects of reflected appraisals on selfie expectations and selfie behaviors. Additionally, the interaction effect of hoped-for self on the relationships between reflected appraisals and selfie expectations was tested. A web-based survey was conducted on consumers above the age of 20 who have engaged in selfie behavior in the past month. A total of 495 responses were collected from a panel of online survey firms. The survey results were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis by AMOS 21.0 and bootstrap analysis by SPSS Macro process Model 4 and 7. Results indicated that reflected appraisals influenced selfie behavior, which was fully mediated by selfie expectations. Furthermore, the effect of reflected appraisals on selfie behavior was moderated by hoped-for self. The results will serve as a theoretical basis for understanding the psychological expectations in which selfie behavior is formed in a social context and can be applied in psychotherapy and marketing in practice.
Keywords
Reflected appraisals; Selfie behavior; Selfie expectation; Hoped-for self; Appearance improvement;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Lim, J.-s., Park, E.-S., & Yoo, S.-K. (2019). Married working women's possible selves before childbirth. The Journal of Asian Women, 58(2), 77-131. doi:10.14431/jaw.2019.08.58.2.77   DOI
2 Ahn, S. Y., & Kim, J.-H. (2016). The influence of self camera (selfie) on self-disclosure, body-esteem, appearance management, social self-efficacy of women in their 20s: Focused on proteus effect. Journal of Cybercommunication Academic Society, 33(2), 87-123.
3 An, C.-Y. (2019). Body image management behavior, self respect, the influence on interpersonal relations - For adult males -. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 19(6), 620-631. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.06.620   DOI
4 Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Selfie-engagement on social media: Pathological narcissism, positive expectation, and body objectification - Which is more influential? Addictive Behaviors Reports, 11:100263. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100263   DOI
5 Delinsky, S. S. (2005). Cosmetic surgery: A common and accepted form of self-improvement? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(10), 2012-2028. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02207.x   DOI
6 Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2018). 'Selfie'-objectification: The role of selfies in self-objectification and disordered eating in young women. Computers in Human Behavior, 79, 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.027   DOI
7 Charoensukmongkol, P. (2016). Exploring personal characteristics associated with selfie-liking. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 10(2):7. doi:10.5817/CP2016-2-7   DOI
8 Qui, L., Lu, J., Yang, S., Qu, W., & Zhu, T. (2015). What does your selfie say about you? Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 443-449. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.032   DOI
9 vanDellen, M. R., & Hoyle, R. H. (2008). Possible selves as behavioral standards in self-regulation. Self and Identity, 7(3), 295-304. doi:10.1080/15298860701641108   DOI
10 Wu, M. S., Song, C., & Ma, Y. (2019). Selfie taking may be nonharmful: Evidence from adaptive and maladaptive narcissism among Chinese young adults. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(3), 240-244. doi:10.1002/hbe2.166   DOI
11 Ko, H.-J., Mejia, S., & Hooker, K. (2014). Social possible selves, self-regulation, and social goal progress in older adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(3), 219-227. doi:10.1177/0165025413512063   DOI
12 Fox, J., & Rooney, M. C. (2015). The Dark Triad and trait selfobjectification as predictors of men's use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 161-165. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014. 12.017   DOI
13 Hawk, S. T., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., van Lissa, C. J., & ter Bogt, T. F. M. (2019). Narcissistic adolescents' attention-seeking following social rejection: Links with social media disclosure, problematic social media use, and smartphone stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 65-75. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.032   DOI
14 Kim, B. (2021). Mirror, self-portrait, selfie: Genealogy of selfawareness through self-image production. Communication Theories, 17(2), 48-92. doi:10.20879/ct.2021.17.2.048   DOI
15 Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954-969. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954   DOI
16 Chae, J. (2017). Virtual makeover: Selfie-taking and social media use increase selfie-editing frequency through social comparison. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 370-376. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.007   DOI
17 Haskins, L. B., & vanDellen, M. R. (2019). Self-regulation as relating to one's ideal possible self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 13(10):e12499. doi:10.1111/spc3.12499   DOI
18 McCain, J. L., Borg, Z. G., Rothenberg, A. H., Churillo, K. M., Weiler, P., & Campbell, W. K. (2016). Personality and selfies: Narcissism and the Dark Triad. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 126-133. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.050   DOI
19 Boursier, V., & Manna, V. (2018). Selfie expectancies among adolescents: Construction and validation of an instrument to assess expectancies toward selfies among boys and girls. Frontiers in Psychology, 9:839. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00839   DOI
20 Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-presentation 2.0: Narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(4), 357-364. doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0257   DOI
21 Rajanala, S., Maymone, M. B. C., & Vashi, N. A. (2018). Selfies-Living in the era of filtered photographs. JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery, 20(6), 443-444. doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2018.0486   DOI
22 Stefanone, M. A., Yue, Z., & Toh, Z. (2019). A social cognitive approach to traditional media content and social media use: Selfie-related behavior as competitive strategy. New Media & Society, 21(2), 317-335. doi:10.1177/1461444818795488   DOI
23 Tandoc Jr., E. C., Ferrucci, P., & Duffy, M. (2015). Facebook use, envy, and depression among college students: Is facebooking depression? Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 139-146. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.053   DOI
24 Jussim, L., & Eccles, J. S. (1992). Teacher expectations: II. Construction and reflection of student achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(6), 947-961. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.947   DOI
25 Arpaci, I., Yalcin, S. B., Baloglu, M., & Kesici, S. (2018). The moderating effect of gender in the relationship between narcissism and selfie-posting behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 134, 71-74. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.006   DOI
26 Bois, J. E., Sarrazin, P. G., Brustad, R. J., Chanal, J. P., & Trouilloud, D. O. (2005). Parents' appraisals, reflected appraisals, and children's self-appraisals of sport competence: A yearlong study. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(4), 273-289. doi:10.1080/10413200500313552   DOI
27 Wang, Y., Xie, X., Fardouly, J., Vartanian, L. R., & Lei, L. (2021). The longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between selfie-related behaviors and self-objectification and appearance concerns among adolescents. New Media & Society, 23(1), 56-77. doi:10.1177/1461444819894346   DOI
28 Wang, Y., Xie, X., Wang, X., Wang, P., Nie, J., & Lei, L. (2020). Narcissism and selfie-posting behavior: the mediating role of body satisfaction and the moderating role of attitude toward selfie-posting behavior. Current Psychology, 39(2), 665-672. doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9795-9   DOI
29 Weiser, E. B. (2018). Shameless selfie-promotion: Narcissism and its association with selfie-posting behavior. In S. HaiJew (Ed.), Selfies as a mode of social media and work space research (pp. 1-27). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
30 Chen, J., Ishii, M., Bater, K. L., Darrach, H., Liao, D., Huynh, P. P., ... Ishii, L. E. (2019). Association between the use of social media and photograph editing applications, self-esteem, and cosmetic surgery acceptance. JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery, 21(5), 361-367. doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0328   DOI
31 Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
32 Cho, Y., & Lee, S. (2020). The relation between perfectionistic self-presentation and disordered eating attitudes among female adolescents: Moderated mediation effect of internalization of sociocultural attitudes towards appearance and selfie editing. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 25(4), 299-319.
33 Etgar, S., & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2017). Not all selfies took alike: Distinct selfie motivations are related to different personality characteristics. Frontiers in Psychology, 8:842. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00842   DOI
34 Felson, R. B. (1985). Reflected appraisal and the development of self. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48(1), 71-78. doi:10.2307/3033783   DOI
35 Lee, H.-j. (2008). Impact of image evaluation and image formation on career self-efficacy in college students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Inha University, Incheon.
36 Jin, S.-A. A. (2012). The virtual malleable self and the virtual identity discrepancy model: Investigative frameworks for virtual possible selves and others in avatar-based identity construction and social interaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2160-2168. doi:10.1016/j-chb.2012.06.022   DOI
37 Jun, D., Kwak, S., Ahn, D., Seong, S., & Park, S. (2020). The effects of narcissism, BMI and appearance management behavior on the selfie behavior. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 22(10), 102-111. doi:10.5805/SFTI.2020.22.1.102   DOI
38 Guedes, E., Sancassiani, F., Carta, M. G., Campos, C., Machado, S., King, A. L. S., & Nardi, A. E. (2016). Internet addiction and excessive social networks use: What about Facebook? Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 12, 43-48. doi:10.2174/1745017901612010043   DOI
39 Kim, D. S. (2016). A study on SNS exposure and fashion product exposure of selfie (Unpublished master's thesis). Seoul National University, Seoul.
40 Kim, D. S., Baek, E., & Choo, H. J. (2017). The effect of selfpresentation and self-expression attitude on selfie behavior in SNS. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 19(6), 701-711. doi:10.5805/SFTI.2017.19.6.701   DOI
41 Lim, J. S. (2015). The exploration of possible selves and the relationships of life satisfaction and depression among Korean adults (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ewha Womans University, Seoul.
42 Niu, G., Sun, L., Liu, Q., Chai, H., Sun, X., & Zhou, Z. (2020). Selfie-posting and young adult women's restrained eating: The role of commentary on appearance and self-objectification. Sex Roles, 82(3-4), 232-240. doi:10.1007/s11199-019-01045-9   DOI
43 Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656-666. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.35.9.656   DOI
44 McLean, S. A., Paxton, S. J., Wertheim, E. H., & Masters, J. (2015). Photoshopping the selfie: Self photo editing and photo investment are associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(8), 1132-1140. doi:10.1002/eat.22449   DOI