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A Comprehensive Approach to Model Development -The Effect of U.S. Retail Employees' Work Experiences on Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, and Retail Career Intention-  

Kim, Hae-Jung (School of Merchandising and Hospitality Management, University of North Texas)
Crutsinger, Christy (School of Merchandising and Hospitality Management, University of North Texas)
Knight, Dee (School of Merchandising and Hospitality Management, University of North Texas)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles / v.29, no.12, 2005 , pp. 1571-1581 More about this Journal
Abstract
In a highly competitive marketplace, U.S. retailers are challenged to attract, recruit, and retain a skilled workforce. The purpose of our research was to examine the impact of young retail employees' work experiences on their job performance, job satisfaction, and career intention using a comprehensive approach to model development. The model was developed in three phases over a four-year period using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. During Phase 1, we conducted focus group interviews to guide the development of the questionnaire. Work experience was initially operationalized as role conflict, role ambiguity, supervisory support, and work involvement. Using a student sample(n=470) from U.S. universities, we employed multiple regression to determine the significance of relationships between their work experience, job satisfaction, and retail career intention. During Phase 2, we expanded our investigation to include retail work experiences of teens employed while they were in high school. The teen sample(n=898) was drawn from students enrolled in work-study programs in 16 U.S. high schools, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (hereafter SEM). During Phase 3, we expanded our model to include two new variables, job characteristics and job performance. Based on a national sample(n=803) of U.S. university students, we employed SEM to holistically determine if retail employees' work experience impacted their job performance, job satisfaction, and retail career intention. During each phase, job satisfaction consistently was the superior antecedent of retail career intention. Among the work experience variables, supervisory support had a positive impact on job satisfaction, while role conflict, role ambiguity, and work involvement exhibited inconsistent effects on job outcomes. The strong relationship between job satisfaction and retail career intention should make job satisfaction a priority for retailers.
Keywords
Role conflict; Role ambiguity; Supervisory support; Work involvement; Job performance;
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