Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2020.1103

Rating Evaluation of Fire Risk for Combustible Materials in Case of Fire  

Chung, Yeong-Jin (Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Kangwon National University)
Jin, Eui (Fire & Disaster Prevention Research Center, Kangwon National University)
Publication Information
Applied Chemistry for Engineering / v.32, no.1, 2021 , pp. 75-82 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study investigated the fire risk assessment of woods and plastics for construction materials, focusing on the fire performance index-III (FPI-III), fire growth index-III (FGI-III), and fire risk index-IV (FRI-IV) by a newly designed method. Japanese cedar, red pine, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were used as test pieces. Fire characteristics of the materials were investigated using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) equipment. The fire performance index-III measured after the combustion reaction was found to be 1.0 to 15.0 with respect to PMMA. Fire risk by fire performance index-III increased in the order of PVC, red pine, Japanese cedar, and PMMA. The fire growth index-III was found to be 0.5 to 3.3 based on PMMA. Fire risk by fire growth index-III increased in the order of PVC, PMMA, red pine, and Japanese cedar. COpeak concentrations of all specimens were measured between 106 and 570 ppm. In conclusion, it is understood that Japanese cedar with a low bulk density and PMMA containing a large amount of volatile organic substances have a low fire performance index-III and high fire growth index-III, and thus have high fire risk due to fire. This was consistent with the fire risk index-IV.
Keywords
Wood; Plastic; Fire performance index-III (FPI-III); Fire growth index-III (FGI-III); Fire risk index-IV (FRI-IV);
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 H. Vahabi, B. K. Kandola, and M. R. Saeb, Flame retardancy index for thermoplastic composites, Polymers, 11, 407-417 (2019).   DOI
2 R. Sonnier, A. Viretto, L. Dumazert, and B. Gallard. A method to study the two-step decomposition of binary blends in cone calorimeter, Combust. and Flame, 169, 1-10 (2016).   DOI
3 R. E. Lyon and M. L. Janssens, Polymer Flammability, The National technical information service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington DC, USA (2005).
4 R. H. White and M. A. Dietenberger, Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, Ch.17: Fire Safety, Forest Product Laboratory U.S.D.A., Forest Service Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1999).
5 G. Shen, S. Tao, S. Wei, Y. Zhang, R. Wang, B. Wang, W. Li, H. Shen, H. Shen, Y. Huang, Y. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Yang, W. Wang, X. Wang, W. Liu, and S. L. M. Simonich, Emissions of parent, nitro, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential wood combustion in Rural China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8123-8130 (2012).   DOI
6 J. Ding, J. Zhong, Y. Yang, B. Li, G. Shen, Y. Su, C. Wang, W. Li, H. Shen, B. Wang, R. Wang, Y. Huang, Y. Zhang, H. Cao, Y. Zhu, S. L. M. Simonich, and S. Tao, Occurrence and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in a rural chinese home through biomass fuelled cooking, Environ. Pollution, 169, 160-166 (2012).   DOI
7 L. Shi and M. Y. L. Chew. Fire behaviors of polymers under autoignition conditions in a cone calorimeter, Fire Safety J., 61, 243-253 (2013).   DOI
8 ISO 5660-1, Reaction-to-fire tests-heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate-part 1: heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) and smoke production rate (dynamic measurement), Geneva, Switzerland (2015).
9 B. Tawiah, B. Yu, R. K. K. Yuen, Y. Hu, R. Wei, J. H. Xin, and B. Fei, Highly efficient flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanism of boron modified graphene oxide/poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites, Carbon, 150, 8-20 (2019).   DOI
10 L. Yan, Z. Xu, and N. Deng, Effects of polyethylene glycol borate on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of transparent fire-retardant coatings applied on wood substrates, Prog. Org. Coat., 135, 123-134 (2019).   DOI
11 T. Fateh, T. Rogaume, J. Luche, F. Richard, and F. Jabou, Characterization of the thermal decomposition of two kinds of plywood with a cone calorimeter-FTIR apparatus, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 107, 87-100 (2014).   DOI
12 Y. J. Chung and E. Jin, Smoke generation by burning test of cypress plates treated with boron compounds, Appl. Chem. Eng., 29, 670-676 (2018).   DOI
13 Y. J. Chung and E. Jin, Assessment of smoke risk of combustible materials in fire, Appl. Chem. Eng., 31, 277-283 (2020).   DOI
14 W. T. Simpso, Drying and Control of Moisture Content and Dimensional Changes, Chap. 12, Wood Handbook-wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Product Laboratory U.S.D.A., Forest Service Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1-21 (1987).
15 D. J. Silva and H. Wiebeck, Predicting LDPE/HDPE blend composition by CARS-PLS regression and confocal Raman spectroscopy, Polimeros, 29, 1-7 (2019).
16 Y. Liu, B. Fan, A. L. Hamon, D. He, and J. Bai, Thickness effect on the tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of graphene nano-platelets reinforced polymer nanocomposites, HAL, 2, 21-27 (2020).
17 Y. J. Chung, Combustion characteristics of the Quercus varialis and Zelkova serrata dried at room temperature, J. Korean For. Soc., 99, 96-101 (2010).
18 J. G. Quintire, Principles of Fire Behavior, Chap. 5, Cengage Learning, Delmar, USA (1998)
19 Y. J. Chung, Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in Korea, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16, 15-19 (2010).   DOI
20 F. M. Pearce, Y. P. Khanna, and D. Raucher, Thermal Analysis in Polymer Flammability, Chap. 8. In : Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials, Academic press, New York, USA (1981).
21 M. J. Spearpoint and J. G. Quintiere. Predicting the piloted ignition of wood in the cone calorimeter using an integral model - effect of species, grain orientation and heat flux, Fire Safety J., 36, 391-415 (2001).   DOI
22 J. D. Dehaan, Kirk's Fire Investigation (Fifth Ed.), 84-112, Pearson, London, England (2002).
23 V. Babrauskas, Development of the cone calorimeter - A bench - scale, heat release rate apparatus based on oxygen consumption, Fire Mater., 8, 81-95 (1984).   DOI
24 T. Y. Woo, J. S. You, and Y. J. Chung, Combustion properties of construction lumber used in every life, Fire Sci. Eng., 31, 37-43 (2017).   DOI
25 C. Jiao, X. Chen, and J. Zhang, Synergistic effects of Fe2O3 with layered double hydroxides in EVA/LDH composites, J. Fire Sci., 27, 465-479 (2009).   DOI
26 T. Fateh, T. Rogaume, J. Luche, F. Richard, and F. Jabouille, Characterization of the thermal decomposition of two kinds of plywood with a cone calorimeter - FTIR apparatus, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis., 107, 87-100 (2014).   DOI
27 J. Luche, T. Rogaume, F. Richard, and E. Guillaume, Characterization of thermal properties and analysis of combustion behavior of PMMA in a cone calorimeter, Fire Saf. J., 46, 451-461 (2011).   DOI
28 OHSA, Carbon Monoxide, OSHA Fact Sheet, United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 14, USA (2009).
29 OHSA, Carbon Dioxide, Toxicological Review of Selected Chemicals, Final Rule on Air Comments Project, OHSA's Comments, Jannuary 19, USA (1989).
30 D. A. Purser, A bioassay model for testing the incapacitating effects of exposure to combustion product atmospheres using cynomolgus monkeys, J. Fire Sci., 2, 20-26 (1984).   DOI
31 MSHA, Carbon Monoxide, MSHA's Occupational Illness and Injury Prevention Program Topic, U. S. Department of Labor, USA (2015).
32 T. S. Kim, Y. S. Kim, C. K. Yoon, and Y. J. Chung, The Guide of Fire Investigation, 77-98, Kimoondang, Seoul, Korea (2009).
33 H. J. Park, H. Kim, and D. M. Ha, Predicting of fire characteristics of flame retardant treated Douglas firusing an integral model, J. KOSOS., 20, 98-104 (2005).
34 O. Grexa, Flame retardant treated wood products, The Proceedings of Wood & Fire Safety (part one), 101-110 (2000).