Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2020.1081

A Study on the Electrochemical Performance of Fe-V Chloric/Sulfuric Mixed Acid Redox Flow Battery Depending on Electrode Activation Temperature  

Lee, Han Eol (Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Dae Eop (Department of Chemical Engineering Education, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Cheol Joong (Department of Chemical Engineering Education, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Taekeun (Department of Chemical Engineering Education, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Applied Chemistry for Engineering / v.31, no.6, 2020 , pp. 639-645 More about this Journal
Abstract
Among the components of redox flow battery (RFB), the electrode serves as a diffusion layer of an electrolyte and a path for electrons and also is a major component that directly affects the RFB performance. In this paper, chloric/sulfuric mixed acidwas used as a supporting electrolyte in RFB system with Fe2+/Fe3+ and V2+/V3+ as redox couple. The optimum electrode and activation temperature were suggested by comparing the capacity, coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency according to the electrode type and activation temperature. In the RFB single cell evaluation using 5 types of carbon electrodes used in the experiments, all of them showed close to the theoretical capacity to retain the reliability of the evaluation results. GFD4EA showed relatively excellent energy efficiency and charge/discharge capacity. In order to investigate the electrochemical performance according to the activation temperature, GFD4EA electrode was activated by heat treatment at different temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 600 and 700 ℃ under an air atmosphere. Changes in physical properties before and after the activation were observed using electrode mass retention, scanning electron microscope (SEM), XPS analysis, and electrochemical performance was compared by conducting RFB single evaluation using electrodes activated at each temperature given above.
Keywords
Fe-V redox flow battery; Carbon electrode; Electrode activation;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Y. Men and T. Sun, Carbon felts electrode treated in different weak acid solutions through electrochemical oxidation method for all vanadium redox flow battery, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7, 3482-3488 (2012).
2 W. Wang and X. Wang, Investigation of Ir-modified carbon felt as the positive electrode of an all-vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochim. Acta, 52, 6755-6762 (2007).   DOI
3 R.-H. Huang, C.-H. Sun, T.-m. Tseng, W.-k. Chao, K.-L. Hsueh, and F.-S. Shieu, Investigation of active electrodes modified with platinum/multiwalled carbon nanotube for vanadium redox flow battery, J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, A1579-A1586 (2012).   DOI
4 C. Flox, M. Skoumal, J. Rubio-Garcia, T. Andreu, and J. R. Morante, Strategies for enhancing electrochemical activity of carbon-based electrodes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries, Appl. Energ., 109, 344-351 (2013)   DOI
5 B. Sun and M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Modification of graphite electrode materials for vanadium redox flow battery application-I. Thermal treatment, Electrochim. Acta, 37, 1253-1260 (1992).   DOI
6 P. C. Ghimire, R. Schweiss, G. G. Scherer, T. M. Lim, N. Wai, A. Bhattarai, and Q. Yan, Optimization of thermal oxidation of electrodes for the performance enhancement in all-vanadium redox flow betteries, Carbon, 155, 176-185 (2019).   DOI
7 P. Mazur, J. Mrlik, J. Benes, J. Pocedic, J. Vrana, J. Dundalek, and J. Kosek, Performance evaluation of thermally treated graphite felt electrodes for vanadium redox flow battery and their four-point single cell characterization, J. Power Sources, 380, 105-114 (2018).   DOI
8 A. M. Pezeshki, J. T. Clement, G. M. Veith, T. A. Zawodzinski, and M. M. Mench, High performance electrodes in vanadium redox flow batteries through oxygen-enriched thermal activation, J. Power Sources, 294, 333-338 (2015).   DOI
9 S. J. Yoon, S. Kim, and D. K. Kim, Optimization of local porosity in the electrode as an advanced channel for all-vanadium redox flow battery, Energy, 172, 26-35 (2019).   DOI
10 Q. Wang, Z. Qu, Z. Jiang, and W. Yang, Experimental study on the performance of a vanadium redox flow battery with non-uniformly compressed carbon felt electrode, Appl. Energ., 213, 293-305 (2018).   DOI
11 A. Parasuraman, T. M. Lim, C. Menictas, and M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Review of material research and development for vanadium redox flow battery applications, Electrochim. Acta, 101, 27-40 (2013).   DOI
12 A. Z. Weber, M. M. Mench, J. P. Meyers, P. N. Ross, J. T. Gostick, and Q. Liu, Redox flow batteries: A review, J. Appl. Electronchem., 41, 1137-1164 (2011).   DOI
13 F. Pan and Q. Wang, Redox species of redox flow batteries: A review, Molecules, 20, 20499-20517 (2015).   DOI
14 A. Cunha, J. Martins, N. Rodrigues, and F. P. Brito, Vanadium redox flow batteries: A technology review, Int. J. Energ. Res., 39, 889-918 (2015).   DOI
15 W. Li, J. Liu, and C. Yan, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes used as an electrode reaction catalyst for VO2+/VO2+ for a vanadium redox flow battery, Carbon, 49, 3463-3470 (2011).   DOI
16 B. Li, L. Li, W. Wang, Z. Nie, B. Chen, X. Wei, Q. Luo, Z. Yang, and V. Sprenkle, Fe/V redox flow battery electrolyte investigation and optimization, J. Power Sources, 229, 1-5 (2013).   DOI
17 W. Wang, S. Kim, B. Chen, Z. Nie, J. Zhang, G.-G. Xia, L. Li, and Z. Yang, A new redox flow battery using Fe/V redox couples in chloride supporting electrolyte, Energ. Environ. Sci., 4, 4068-4073 (2011).   DOI
18 W. Wang, Z. Nie, B. Chen, F. Chen, Q. Luo, X. Wei, G.-G. Xia, M. Skyllas‐Kazacos, L. Li, and Z. Yang, A new Fe/V redox flow battery using a sulfuric/chloric mixed‐acid supporting electrolyte, Adv. Energ. Mater., 2, 487-493 (2012).   DOI
19 O. Nibel, S. M. Taylor, A. Patru, E. Fabbri, L. Gubler, and T. J. Schmidt, Performance of different carbon electrode materials: Insights into stability and degradation under real vanadium redox flow battery operating conditions, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164, A1608-A1615 (2017).   DOI
20 R. Banerjee, N. Bevilacqua, L. Eifert, and R. Zeis, Characterization of carbon felt electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries - A pore network modeling approach, J. Energ. Storage, 21, 163-171 (2019).   DOI
21 G. Wei, C. Jia, J. Liu, and C. Yan, Carbon felt supported carbon nanotubes catalysts composite electrode for vanadium redox flow battery application, J. Power Sources, 220, 185-192 (2012).   DOI
22 L. Yue, W. Li, F. Sun, L. Zhao, and L. Xing, Highly hydroxylated carbon fibres as electrode materials of all-vanadium redox flow battery, Carbon, 48, 3079-3090 (2010).   DOI
23 W. Zhang, J. Xi, Z. Li, H. Zhou, L. Liu, Z. Wu, and X. Qiu, Electrochemical activation of graphite felt electrode for VO2+/VO2+ redox couple application, Electrochim. Acta, 89, 429-435 (2013).   DOI
24 P. Mazur, J. Mrlik, J. Pocedic, J. Vrana, J. Dundalek, J. Kosek, and T. Bystron, Effect of graphite felt properties on the long-term durability of negative electrode in vanadium redox flow battery, J. Power Sources, 414, 354-365 (2019).   DOI
25 H. Liu, L. Yang, Q. Xu, and C. Yan, An electrochemically activated graphite electrode with excellent kinetics for electrode processes of V (II)/V (III) and V (IV)/V (V) couples in a vanadium redox flow battery, RSC Adv., 4, 55666-55670 (2014).   DOI
26 Y.-C. Chang, J.-Y. Chen, D. M. Kabtamu, G.-Y. Lin, N.-Y. Hsu, Y.-S. Chou, H.-J. Wei, and C.-H. Wang, High efficiency of CO2-activated graphite felt as electrode for vanadium redox flow battery application, J. Power Sources, 364, 1-8 (2017).   DOI
27 D. Dixon, D. Babu, J. Langner, M. Bruns, L. Pfaffmann, A. Bhaskar, J. Schneider, F. Scheiba, and H. Ehrenberg, Effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the electrochemical performance of the rayon and polyacrylonitrile based carbon felt for the vanadium redox flow battery application, J. Power Sources, 332, 240-248 (2016).   DOI
28 Z. He, M. Li, Y. Li, L. Wang, J. Zhu, W. Meng, C. Li, H. Zhou, and L. Dai, Electrospun nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber as negative electrode for vanadium redox flow battery, Appl. Surf. Sci., 469, 423-430 (2019).   DOI
29 I. Derr, D. Przyrembel, J. Schweer, A. Fetyan, J. Langner, J. Melke, M. Weinelt, and C. Roth, Electroless chemical aging of carbon felt electrodes for the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) investigated by electrochemical impedance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Electrochim. Acta, 246, 783-793 (2017).   DOI