Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2016.1083

A Study on Dimethacryloyloxy Alkane Derivatives Having an Anti-wear Performance as Lubricating Oil Additives  

Han, Hye-Rim (Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology)
Cho, Jung-Eun (Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology)
Sim, Dae-Seon (Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology)
Kang, Chung-Ho (Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology)
Kim, Young-Wun (Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology)
Jeong, Noh-Hee (Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University)
Kang, Ho-Cheol (Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology)
Publication Information
Applied Chemistry for Engineering / v.27, no.6, 2016 , pp. 583-589 More about this Journal
Abstract
Lubricant additives including zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) containing metal have been widely used due to the advantage of very low cost, but they can generate impurities such as ash. In this work, ZDDP containing metals was partially replaced with bis[3-(dialkyloxyphosphorothionyl) thio-2-methylpropanyloxy] butane (BAP4s) which was synthesized conveniently and effectively from alkanediol without any metal components. Also, the wear resistance property of synthesized BAP4s were studied. Wear scar diameter (WSD) values of BAP4s with butyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl or tetradecyl groups were also measured by four-ball test. As the length of the alkyl group increased from 4 to 8, the WSD value of BAP4s decreased rapidly from 0.59 to 0.45 mm, but from 8 to 14, the value increased very slowly from 0.45 to 0.50 mm. Thus, among all BAP4s, B8P4 having BAP4 with the octyl group, showed the lowest WSD value. Furthermore, the WSD values were measured in a lubricant base oil mixed with a 0.50 percent concentration (w/w) of either BAP4 or ZDDP. The former was 0.55 mm, and the latter was 0.45 mm. The thermal stability and tribofilm formation peroperty were also measured by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and energy-dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDS), respectively.
Keywords
bis[3-(dialkyloxyphosphorothionyl)thio-2-methylpropanyloxy] butane; alkanediol derivatives; lubricant additives; anti-wear properties; 4-ball test;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 M. Fuller, Z. Yin, M. Kasrai, G. M. Bancroft, E. S. Yamaguchi, P. R. Ryason, P. A. Willermet, and K. H. Tan, Chemical characterization of tribochemical and thermal films generated from neutral and basic ZDDPs using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Tribol. Int., 30, 305-315 (1997).   DOI
2 Y. L. Wu and B. Dacre, Effects of lubricant-additives on the kinetics and mechanisms of ZDDP adsorption on steel surfaces, Tribol. Int., 30, 445-453 (1997).   DOI
3 I. Mahdi, R. Garg, and A. Srivastav, ZDDP- An inevitable lubricant additive for engine oils, Int. J. Eng. Invent., 1, 47-48 (2012).
4 P. A. Willermet, D. P. Dailey, R. O. Carter III, P. J. Schmitz, and W. Zhu, Mechanism of formation of antiwear films from zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, Tribol. Int., 28, 177-187 (1995).   DOI
5 M. N. Najman, M. Kasrai, G. M. Bancroft, and A. Miller, Study of the chemistry of films generated from phosphate ester addtivies on 52100 steel using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Tribol. Lett., 13, 209-218 (2002).   DOI
6 Z. Yin, M. Kasrai, M. Fuller, G. M. Bancroft, K. Fyfe, and K. H. Tan, Application of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in chemical characterization of antiwear films generated by ZDDP. Part I: the effects of physical parameters, Wear, 202, 172-191 (1997).   DOI
7 Z. Yin, M. Kasrai, M. Fuller, G. M. Bancroft, K. Fyfe, and K. H. Tan, Application of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in chemical characterization of antiwear films generated by ZDDP Part II: the effect of detergents and dispersants, Wear, 202, 192-201 (1997).   DOI
8 S. M. Hsu and R. S. Gates, Boundary lubricating films: formation and lubrication mechanism, Tribol. Int., 38, 305-312 (2005).   DOI
9 M. L. S. Fuller, M. Kasrai, G. M. Bancroft, K. Fyfe, and K. H. Tan, Solution decomposition of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and its effect on antiwear and thermal film formation studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Tribol. Int., 31, 627-644 (1998).   DOI
10 S. S. V. Ramakumar, A. M. Rao, and S. P. Srivastava, Studies on additive-additive interaction: formation of crankcase oil towards rationalization, Wear, 156, 101-120 (1992).   DOI
11 K. Inoue and H. Watanabe, Interactions of engine oil additives, ASLE Trans., 26, 189-199 (1983).   DOI
12 Ph. Kapsa, J. M. Martin, C. Blanc, and J. M. Georges, Antiwear mechanism of ZDDP in the presence of calcium sulphonate detergent, J. Lubrication Technol., 103, 486-496 (1981).
13 H. C. Freuler, Modified lubricating oil, US Patent 2,364,283 (1994).
14 F. U. Shah, S. Glavatskih, E. Hoglund, M. Lindberg, and O. N. Antzutkin, Interfacial antiwear and physicochemical properties of Alkylborate-dithiophosphates, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 3, 956-968 (2011).   DOI
15 P. A. Willermet, Some engine oil additives and their effects on antiwear film formation, Tribol. Lett., 5, 41-47 (1998).   DOI
16 M. A. Nicholls, T. Do, P. R. Norton, M. Kasrai, and G. M. Bancroft, Review of the lubrication of metallic surfaces by zinc dialkyl- dithiophosphates, Tribol. Int., 38, 15-39 (2005).   DOI
17 H. C. Freuler, Modified lubricating oil, US Patent 2,364,284 (1944).
18 J. S. McQueen, H. Gao, E. D. Black, A. K. Gangopadhyay, and R. K. Jensen, Friction and wear of tribofilms formed by zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate antiwear additive in low viscosity engine oils, Tribol. Int., 38, 289-297 (2005).   DOI
19 H. Spikes, The history and mechanisms of ZDDP, Tribol. Lett., 17, 469-489 (2004).   DOI
20 H. Spikes, Low- and zero-sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur anti-wear additives for engine oils, Lubrication Sci., 20, 103-136 (2008).   DOI
21 A. M. Barnes, K. D. Bartle, and V. R. A. Thibon, A review of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPS) : Characterisation and role in the lubrication oil, Tribol. Int., 34, 389-395 (2001).   DOI
22 J. M. Martin, Antiwear mechanisms of zinc dithiophosphate: a chemical hardness approach, Tribol. Lett., 6, 1-8 (1999).   DOI