Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4489/KJM.20180016

Seasonal Distribution and Diversity of Airborne Fungi in a Wooden Cultural Heritage Site: A Case Study of The Seonamsa Temple, Suncheon  

Hong, Jin Young (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Kim, Young Hee (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Lee, Jeung Min (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Kim, Soo Ji (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Jo, Chang Wook (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Park, Ji Hee (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Mycology / v.46, no.2, 2018 , pp. 122-133 More about this Journal
Abstract
The Seonamsa temple is located on steep terrain surrounded by forests and valleys, and is a place that the temple is scared of biological damage because it has high humidity and low wind levels. Therefore, we investigated a concentration and diversity of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor by collecting air each season. The outdoor fungal load was far higher in spring ($276CFU/m^3$), autumn ($196CFU/m^3$), summer ($128CFU/m^3$) than in winter ($24CFU/m^3$). The lowest located Jijangjeon and upper located Wontongjeon showed the highest distribution of $337.4CFU/m^3$ in summer and $333.4CFU/m^3$ in autumn, respectively. Summer is the season with large variations in the concentration of airborne fungi between indoor and outdoor, a concentration of airborne fungi in indoor was maximum three times higher than these in outdoor with $128CFU/m^3$. Although the most fungi were collected in spring, fungal diversity was richer in summer and autumn with 28 genera 45 species and 25 genera 47 species, respectively. In particular, the concentration of airborne fungi was the most highest in all sampling sites in autumn, of which Ascomycota members accounted for 86% and Cladosporium genus was dominated. The most kind of Penicillium (16 species) was mainly distributed in indoor air in summer, autumn and winter.
Keywords
Airborne fungi; Indoor and outdoor; Seasonal variations; Wooden cultural heritage;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Southworth D. Introduction to the biology of airborne fungal spores. Ann Allergy 1973;32:1-22.
2 Medrela-Kuder E. Seasonal variations in the occurrence of culturable airborne fungi in outdoor and indoor air in Cracow. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 2003;52:203-5.   DOI
3 Oliveira M, Ribeiro H, Abreu I. Annual variation of fungal spores in atmosphere of Porto: 2003. Ann Agric Environ Med 2005;12:309-15.
4 Topbas M, Tosun I, Can G, Kaklikkaya N, Aydin F. Identification and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi in urban outdoor air in an eastern Black Sea Turkish town. Turk J Med Sci 2006;36:31-6.
5 Shin HK. Airborne fungi in wooden cultural heritages in Korea: diversity and their discoloration characteristics [dissertation]. Seoul: University of Korea; 2015.
6 Kowalik R. Microbiodeterioration of library materials. Part 1. Restaurator 1980;4:99-114.
7 Kim MJ, Shin HK, Choi YS, Kim GC, Kim GH. An aeromycological study of various wooden cultural heritages in Korea. J Cult Herit 2016;17:123-30.   DOI
8 Lee MY, Kim DW, Chung YJ. Conservation environmental assessment and microbial distribution of the Songsan-ri ancient tombs, Gongju, Korea. J Conserv Sci 2014;30:169-79.   DOI
9 Seo MS, Lee SM, Hong JY. The characteristic study of the microbial habitat in the Muwisa museum, Gangjin. J Conserv Sci 2013;29:333-43.   DOI
10 Hong JY, Seo MS, Kim SJ, Kim YH, Jo CW, Lee JM. A survey for distribution of airborne microorganisms in storage of movable cultural properties. Conserv stud 2015;36:64-73.
11 Lee SM, Lee SP. Classification and epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. Korean J Med 2013;85:445-51.   DOI
12 Pavan R, Manjunath K. Qualitative analysis of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi in cowshed. J Mycol 2014;2014:Article ID 985921.
13 Yeom JG. Assessment on air quality of university hospital lobbies-focused on airborne bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi levels [dissertation]. Seongnam: University of Kyungwon; 2012.
14 de Ana SG, Torres-Rodriguez JM, Ramirez EA, Garcia SM, Belmonte-Soler. Seasonal distributions of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillim species isolated in homes of fungal allergic patients. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006;16:357-63.
15 Sautour M, Sixt N, Dalle F, L'Ollivier C, Fourquenet V, Calinon C, Paul K, Valvin S, Maurel A, Aho S, et al. Profiles and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor environments at a French hospital. Sci Total Environ 2009;407:3766-71.   DOI
16 Akanda MR, Akhter MS, Mahboob MG, Maya MA, Hossain MM. Seasonal variation of fungal population dynamics and their interactions in brinjal field soil. Bangladesh J Plant Pathol 2009;25:31-5.
17 Kim SJ, Jo CW, Lee JM, Jeong SY, Kim YH, Hong JY. Changes in microorganisms' distribution pattern of wooden cultural heritage in Jeolla-do. Conserv stud 2017;38:5-16.
18 Kim MN, Lim BA, Lee MS, Jeong SY. Comparison of characteristics of local meteorological and particulate matter (TSP) on the Beopjusa temple and Seonamsa temple. J Conserv Sci 2017;33:283-95.   DOI
19 Pady SM, Kramer CL. Kansas aeromycology X. Basidiomycetes. Trans Kans Acad Sci 1960;63:125-34.   DOI
20 Morris PI. Understanding biodeterioration of wood in structures. Delta: British Columbia Building Envelope Council; 1998.
21 Kim T, Ra JB. Change of decay hazard index (Scheffer index) for exterior above-ground wood in Korea. J Korean Wood Sci Technol 2014;42:732-39.   DOI