Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2018.31.3.161

Pressure-load Calibration of Multi-anvil Press and the Thermal Gradient within the Sample Chamber  

Kim, Eun Jeong (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Lee, Sung Keun (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea / v.31, no.3, 2018 , pp. 161-172 More about this Journal
Abstract
Multi-anvil press (MAP) is one of the high pressure apparatuses and often generates the pressure-conditions ranging from 5 to 25 GPa and temperature-conditions up to $2,300^{\circ}C$. The MAP is, therefore, suitable to explore the pressure-induced structural changes in diverse earth materials from Earth's mantle and the bottom of the mantle transition zone (~660 km). In this study, we present the experimental results for pressure-load calibration of the 1,100-ton multi-anvil press equipped in the authors' laboratory. The pressure-load calibration experiments were performed for the 14/8 step, 14/8 G2, 14/8 HT, and 18/12 assembly sets. The high pressure experiments using ${\alpha}$-quartz, wollastonitestructure of $CaGeO_3$, and forsterite as starting materials were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The phase transition of each mineral indicates the specific pressure that is loaded to a sample at $1,200^{\circ}C$: a transition of ${\alpha}$-quartz to coesite at 3.1 GPa, that of garnet-structure of $CaGeO_3$ to perovskite-structure at 5.9 GPa, that of coesite to stishovite at 9.2 GPa, and that of forsterite to wadsleyite at 13.6 GPa. While the estimated pressure-load calibration curve is generally consistent with those obtained in other laboratories, the deviation up to 50 tons is observed at high pressure above 10 GPa. This is partly because of the loss of oil pressure at high pressure resulting from the differences in a sample chamber, and the frictional force between pressure medium and second anvil. We also report the ${\sim}200^{\circ}C/mm$ of thermal gradient in the vertical direction of the sample chamber of 14/8 HT assembly. The pressure-load calibration curve and the observed thermal gradient within the sample chamber can be applied to explain the structural changes and the relevant macroscopic properties of diverse crystalline and amorphous earth materials in the mantle.
Keywords
Multi-anvil press; high-pressure experiments; thermal gradient; pressure-load calibration; phase transition of minerals;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Errandonea, D. (2013) High-pressure melting curves of the transition metals Cu, Ni, Pd, and Pt. Physical Review B 87, 054108.   DOI
2 Ito, E. (2007) Theory and Practice - Multianvil Cells and High-Pressure Experimental Methods, (Eds.) Schubert, G., Romanowicz, B., Dziewonski, A., Treatise on Geophysics, 2, pp. 197-230.
3 Ito, E., Katsura, T., Yamazaki, D., Yoneda, A., Tado, M., Ochi, T., Nishibara, E., and Nakamura, A. (2009) A new 6-axis apparatus to squeeze the Kawai-cell of sintered diamond cubes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 174, 264-269.   DOI
4 Kavner, A. and Jeanloz, R. (1998) High-pressure melting curve of platinum. Journal of applied physics 83, 7553-7559.   DOI
5 Kawai, N. and Endo, S. (1970) The generation of ultrahigh hydrostatic pressures by a split sphere apparatus. Review of Scientific Instruments 41, 1178-1181.   DOI
6 Kojitani, H., Terata, S., Ohsawa, M., Mori, D., Inaguma, Y., and Akaogi, M. (2017) Experimental and thermodynamic investigations on the stability of $Mg_{14}Si_5O_{24}$ anhydrous phase B with relevance to $Mg_2SiO_4$ forsterite, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite. American Mineralogist 102, 2032-2044.   DOI
7 Kunimoto, T., Irifune, T., and Sumiya, H. (2008) Pressure generation in a 6-8-2 type multi-anvil system: a performance test for third-stage anvils with various diamonds. High Pressure Research 28, 237-244.   DOI
8 Leinenweber, K.D., Tyburczy, J.A., Sharp, T.G., Soignard, E., Diedrich, T., Petuskey, W.B., Wang, Y., and Mosenfelder, J.L. (2012) Cell assemblies for reproducible multi-anvil experiments (the COMPRES assemblies). American Mineralogist 97, 353-368.   DOI
9 Liebermann, R.C. (2011) Multi-anvil, high pressure apparatus: a half-century of development and progress. High Pressure Research 31, 493-532.   DOI
10 Mitra, N., Decker, D., and Vanfleet, H. (1967) Melting curves of copper, silver, gold, and platinum to 70 kbar. Physical Review 161, 613.   DOI
11 Righter, K. and Leinenweber, K., Interlaboratory Comparisons, http://multianvil.asu.edu/MainPage_compare.html.
12 Schwarz, M.R. (2010) Multianvil calibration and education: A four probe method to measure the entire force-versus-pressure curve in a single run - performed as an interdisciplinary lab-course for students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 215, 012193.   DOI
13 Susaki, J., Akaogi, M., Akimoto, S., and Shimomura, O. (1985) Garnet-perovskite transformation in $CaGeO_3$: In-situ X-ray measurements using synchrotron radiation. Geophysical Research Letters 12, 729-732.   DOI
14 Shatskiy, A., Katsura, T., Litasov, K.D., Shcherbakova, A.V., Borzdov, Y.M., Yamazaki, D., Yoneda, A., Ohtani, E., and Ito, E. (2011) High pressure generation using scaled-up Kawai-cell. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 189, 92-108.   DOI
15 Stoyanov, E., Haussermann, U., and Leinenweber, K. (2010) Large-volume multianvil cells designed for chemical systhesis at high pressures. High Pressure Research 30, 175-189.   DOI
16 Strong, H.M. and Bundy, F.P. (1959) Fusion curves of four group VIII metals to 100 000 atmospheres. Physical Review 115, 278-284.   DOI
17 Swamy, V., Saxena, S.K., Sundman, B., and Zhang, J. (1994) A thermodynamic assessment of silica phase diagram. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 99, 11787-11794.   DOI
18 Walker, D., Carpenter, M.A., and Hitch, C.M. (1990) Some simplifications to multianvil devices for high pressure experiments. American Mineralogist 75, 1020-1028.
19 Yamazaki, D., Ito, E., Yoshino, T., Tsujino, N., Yoneda, A., Gomi, H., Vazhakuttiyakam, J., Sakurai, M., Zhang, Y., Higo, Y., and Tange, Y. (2018) High-pressure generation in the Kawai-type multianvil apparatus equipped with tungsten-carbide anvils and sintered-diamond anvils, and X-ray observation on $CaSnO_3$ and $(Mg,Fe)SiO_3$. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, In press.
20 Yoneda, A., Yamamoto, S., Kato, M., Sawamoto, H., and Kumazawa, M. (1984) The use of composite metal gaskets to improve pressure generation in multiple anvil devices. High Temperature-High Pressures 16, 637-656.
21 Young, D.A. (1991) Phase diagrams of the elements. University of California Press, p. 291.