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http://dx.doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2018.31.2.113

Carbonate Biomineralization Using Speleothems and Sediments from Baekasan Acheon Cave (Limestone Cave) in Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea  

Kim, Yumi (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University)
Seo, Hyunhee (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University)
Jo, Kyoung-nam (Department of Geology, Gangwon National University)
Jung, Dayae (Department of Geology, Gangwon National University)
Shin, Seungwon (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University)
Huh, Min (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University)
Roh, Yul (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea / v.31, no.2, 2018 , pp. 113-121 More about this Journal
Abstract
Baekasan Acheon cave located in Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do is a natural limestone cave only found in this province. In this study, the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of speleothems collected from Baekasan Acheon cave were identified and the capability of carbonate mineral formation by aerobic microorganisms enriched from the cave and the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of carbonate minerals formed by the microorganisms were investigated. The samples of sediments (clay) and speleothems (shelfstone and cave coral) were collected at three sites in the cave. The samples of shelfstone and cave coral were identified mainly as carbonate mineral, Mg-rich calcite, and clay minerals were composed of quartz, muscovite, and vermiculite by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. To cultivate the carbonate forming microorganisms, parts of the sediment and speleothems were placed in D-1 medium containing urea, respectively, and the growth of microorganisms was observed under the aerobic condition at room temperature. The capability of carbonate mineralization of the cultured Baekasan Acheon cave microorganisms was examined through adding 1% (v/v) of the cultured microorganisms and calcium sources, Ca-acetate or Ca-lactate, into the D-1 medium. XRD analysis showed that the microorganisms cultured in cave deposits formed calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) under all conditions, and these microbial carbonate minerals included calcite and vaterite. The morphological characteristics and chemical composition of biologically formed minerals were observed by SEM-EDS showed various crystal forms such as rhomboid, spherical, perforated surface with Ca, C, and O of major chemical components. The existence of such microorganisms in the cave can contribute the formation of carbonate minerals, and it is likely to affect the geochemical cycles of carbon and calcium in the cave.
Keywords
Baekasan Acheon cave; Limestone cave; Carbonate forming microorganism; Biogeochemistry; Hwasun-gun;
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