Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2011.24.4.265

Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics and Designation of Key Beds for the Effective Surveys in the Jeonnam Clay Deposits  

Yoo, Jang-Han (Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Koh, Sang-Mo (Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Moon, Dong-Hyuk (Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Publication Information
Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea / v.24, no.4, 2011 , pp. 265-278 More about this Journal
Abstract
Clayey ores of the Jeonnam province mainly consist of pyrophyllite (monoclinic), kaolinite (1T), and minor amounts of quartz, muscovite, and feldspars. Mineralogical studies revealed that two kinds of clay minerals were mainly produced from the volcanic sediments with similar ages and compositions. Kaolinite deposits sometimes contain neither diaspore nor corundum, but alunites are often found in the upper portions of the kaolin ore bodies. On the other hand, corundum and diaspore are commoner in the pyrophyllite deposits than the kaolin deposits. As ages of rock formations are becoming younger, amounts of pyrophyllite and kaolinite are rather radically decreased, and finally disappeared. But muscovite, quartz, and plagioclase feldspars are inclined to be preserved because of weak alteration. Most of clay ore bodies contain purple tuff beds on the uppermost portion, and silicified beds, tuff, and lapillistone are found in an ascending order in the most of clay quarries. Chemical analyses show that higher contents of $Al_2O_3$ might not necessarily be due to the argillization, since some tuffs contain higher $Al_2O_3$ contents originated from feldspars. $SiO_2$ contents are fairly higher in the silicified beds than in those of adjacent formations, which might have been introduced from the ore bodies. And $K_2O$ contents are obviously lower than those of $Na_2O$ and CaO in the ores and their vicinities. Ignition losses of some of clays represent much higher contents than those of the ordinary ones because of the sporadic presence of alunite, diaspore and corundum which are accompanied with lots of $SO_4$ and $Al_2O_3$ contents. REE (rare earth element) abundances of most of volcanics and clay ores show rather higher LREE (light rare earth elements) contents, and represent small to moderately negative Eu anomalies. Though most of ores ususally show milky white color, fine-grained and well bedded formations which could be easily discernible in the most of outcrop. But more distinct characteristics are desirable where rather massive ore bodies exist. Purple tuffs and silicified beds above the ore bodies would be useful as marker horizons/key beds since they have rather obvious lithology, extension and mineralogy than those of other adjacent formations.
Keywords
pyrophyllite; kaolinite; corundum; diaspore; alunite; ignition loss;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Holler, H. and Wirsching, Y. (1978) Experiments on the formation of zeolite by hydrothermal alteration of volcanic glasses. In: Sand, L.B. and Mumpton, F.A. (eds.), Natural zeolites, Pergamon Press, 329-336.
2 Hurlbut, Jr. C.S. and Klein, C. (1977) Manual of Mineralogy, 19th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 532p.
3 Kim, S.J., Kim, J.J., and Choo, C.O. (1992) Mineralogy and genesis of hydrothermal deposits in the southeastern part of Korean peninsula: (3) Milyang Napseok deposit. J. Miner. Soc. Korea, 5, 93-101.
4 Kim, S.J., Choo, C.O., and Kim, W.S. (1994) Mineralogy and genesis of hydrothermal deposits in the southeastern part of Korean peninsula: (5) Deogbong Napseok deposit. J. Miner. Soc. Korea, 7, 25-39.
5 Koh, S.M. and Chang, H.W. (1997) Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Bugog hydrothermal clay deposit in the Haenam area, Korea. Resource Geology, 47, 29-40.
6 McLemore, V.T., Sweeney, D., and Donahue, K. (2009) Lithologic atlas for the Questa mine, Taos County, New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file Report OF-516.
7 Morishita, Y. and Nakano, T. (2008) Role of basement in epithermal deposits: the Kushikino and Hishikari gold deposits, southern Japan. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 597-609.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Moon, H.S., Roh, Y., Kim, I.J., Song, Y.G., and Lee, H.K. (1991) Hydrothermal alteration related to Cretaceous felsic magmatism in the Gusi mine, Southern Korea. J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol. 24, 9-20.
9 Simmons, S.F., White, N.C., and John, D.A. (2005) Geological characteristics of epithermal precious and base metal deposits. In: Hedenquist, J.W., Thompson, J,F.H., Goldfarb, R.J., and Richards, J.P. (eds.), One Hundredth Anniversary Volume, Economic Geology, 485-522.
10 Thorarinsson, S. (1970) Tephrochronology in medieval Iceland, R. Berger, Editor, Scientific methods in Medieval Archaeology. University of California Press, Berkeley, 295-328.
11 Bowden, C.D. (2007) Epithermal systems of the Seongsan district, South Korea; an investigation on the geological setting and spatial and temporal relationships between high and low sulfidation systems. Ph. D. Thesis, James Cook University.
12 Brindley, G.W. and Wardle, R. (1970) Monoclinic and triclinic forms of pyrophyllite and pyrophyllite anhydrite. American mineralogist, 55, 1259-1271.
13 Cho, H.G. and Kim, S.J. (1994) Mineralogy and genesis of the Sungsan clay deposits. J. Miner. Soc. Korea, 7, 14-24.
14 Cooke, D.R. and Deyell, C.L. (2003) Descriptive names for epithermal deposits: their implications for genetic classification and inferring ore fluid chemistry. In: Eliopoulos, D. et al., (eds.), Mineral exploration and sustainable development, Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial SGA Meeting on Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development, Athens, Greece, August 24-28, Vol. 1, 457-460.
15 Dominguez, E., Iglesias, C., and Dondi, M. (2008) The geology and mineralogy of a range of kaolins from the Santa Cruz and Chubut Province, Patagonia (Argentina). Applied Clay Science, 40, Issues 1-4, 124-142.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Eberl, D. (1979) Synthesis of pyrophyllite polytypes and mixed layers. American Mineralogist, 64, 1091-1096.
17 Fournier, R.O. and Potter, R.W. (1982) An equation correlating the solubility of quartz in water from 25${^{\circ}C}$ to 900${^{\circ}C}$ at pressures up to 10,000 bars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46, 1969-1973.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Fournier, R.O. (1986) The behaviour of silica in hydrothermal solutions. In: Berger, B.R. and Bethke, P.M. (eds.), Reviews in Economic Geology, 2, 45-61.
19 Friedman. G.M. and Sanders, J.E. (1978) Principles of Sedimentology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 792p.
20 Hawkins, D.B. (1978) Hydrothermal synthesis of clinoptilolite and comments on the assemblage phillipsite-clinoptilolite-mordenite. In: Sand, L.B. and Mumpton, F.A. (eds.), Natural zeolites, Pergamon Press, 337-343.
21 Hedenquist, J.W., Arribas R.A., and Gonzalez-Urien, E. (2000) Exploration for epithermal gold deposits. In: Hagemann, S.G. and Brown, P.E. (eds.), Gold in 2000, Reviews in Economic Geology, 13, 245-277.
22 문희수, 김영희, 김종환, 유장한 (1990) 해남지역 화산암류와 납석 및 고령토광상의 K-Ar 연대. 광산지질, 23, 135-141.
23 문희수, 정승우, 송윤구, 박영석 (1991) 전남 해남지역 해남 납석광상의 변질작용 및 생성환경. 자원환경지질, 24, 83-96.
24 유장한 (2009) 전남일원 납석광상의 광물학적 특성과 효과적 탐사를 위한 Key Beds의 선정. 광물학회지, 22, 297-305.
25 문희수, 송윤구 (1992) 전남 해남지역 납석, 명반석 및 도석광상의 분포, 광물조성 및 형성기구. 자원환경지질, 25, 41-50.
26 박영석, 김진 (1993) 지도 도석광상에 대한 광물학적 및 지구화학적 연구. 한국광물학회지, 6, 80-93.
27 유장한 (1985) 전남 해남군 황산면일대 고령토질 납석광상연구. 한국동력자원연구소 연구보고, 85-14, 95-119.
28 이대성 (1964) 전라남도 해남(목포남부)지역의 지질과 함유질물층에 관하여. 지질학회지, 1, 35-49.
29 이강원, 문희수, 송윤구, 김인준 (1993) 밀양 납석광상의 모암변질과 생성환경. 자원환경지질, 26, 289-309.
30 이대성, 이하영 (1976) 한국 서남해안지역에 분포하는 함유물질에 대한 지질학적 지화학적 연구. 광산지질, 9, 45-74.
31 전효택, 정영욱, 김인준 (1991) 경남 및 전남일부 납석광상의 산소-황 동위원소조성과 광상성인. 광산지질, 24, 97-105.
32 한국지질자원연구원 (2009) 해남 천열수 금 광화대 및 열수변질 점토광화대 확보를 위한 전주기 개발. 한국지질자원연구원 일반과제 GP2009-003-2009(1).
33 홍승호, 최범영 (1990) 한국지질도, 나주도폭 지질보고서. 한국동력자원연구소.
34 Baker, D.R. (1990) Chemical interdiffusion of dacite and rhyolite: anhydrous measurements at 1 atm and 10kbar, application of trasition state theory, and diffusion in zonal magma chamber. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 104, 407-423.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Baker, D.R. (1991) Interdiffusion of hydrous dacite and rhyolite melt and the efficacy of rhyolite contamination of dacite enclaves. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 106, 462-473.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Bentayeb, A., Amouric, M., Olives, J., Dekyir, A., and Nadiri, A. (2003) XRD and HRTEM characterization of pyrophyllite from Morocco and its possible applications. Applied Clay Science, 22, 211-221.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Blatt. H. (1982) Sedimentary petrology. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 564p.
38 김상욱, 윤윤영 (1971) 한국지질도, 진도․지산도폭 국립지질조사소.
39 곽규원, 황진연, 오지호, 윤근택, 지세정 (2009) 진해 납석광상의 산상과 광물학적 특성. 한국광물학회지, 22, 163-176.
40 김영희, 문희수, 김종환, 유장한, 김인준 (1990) 전남 옥매산광상의 열수변질작용 및 광석광물에 대한 광물학적 연구. 광산지질, 23, 287-308.
41 島村新兵衛 (1930) 한국지질도, 우수영 도폭, 지질조사소.
42 木野崎吉郞 (1929) 한국지질도, 해남 및 노화도 도폭, 지질조사소.