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Effect of Cation and Ionic Strength on Dispersion and Coagulation of Hwangto and Clay Minerals  

Park, Bo-Kyeong (Gwangju Science High School)
Kim, Kyung-Min (Gwangju Science High School)
Kim, Young-In (Gwangju Science High School)
Yum, Seo-Yun (Gwangju Science High School)
Lee, Jeong-Woo (Gwangju Science High School)
Hyung, Seuug-Woo (Gwangju Science High School)
Hwang, Jun-Ho (Gwangju Science High School)
Kim, Yu-Mi (Faculty of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University)
Kong, Mi-Hye (Faculty of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University)
Kim, Cheong-Bin (Dept. of Physical Science Education, Sunchon National University)
Roh, Yul (Faculty of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea / v.22, no.3, 2009 , pp. 249-259 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of this research was to find out the physical properties, such as dispersion and coagulation, of soil minerals depending on the types and concentrations of the cations in aqueous solution. Hwangto samples were obtained from 90 to 130 cm from surface at Jangdong-ri, Donggang-Myon, Naju, Chonnam Province. The clay fraction (< $2\;{\mu}m$) was separated by sedimentation method from the bulk soils. Both Hwangto and clay fractions, and the same samples after removal of amorphous and crystalline iron oxides were used in this experiment. The effect of 4 cations ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) and their concentrations on settling speed and basal spacing of the minerals were observed to examine the physical properties of the soil and clay minerals. Hwangto mainly consisted of quartz, and the clay fractions consisted of kaolinite, illite, and vermiculite. The bulk soils contained 16.3 mg/kg of amorphous iron oxides and 436 mg/kg of crystalline iron oxides. Clay fractions were dispersed better than bulk soils due to their smaller particle size than that of the bulk samples in the aqueous solution. The bulk and clay samples were dispersed better when iron oxides were removed because of coating of minerals by the iron oxides. Clay minerals were settled faster as the charge and the concentration of cations added increased. The d-spacing of kaolinite and illite did not change when 4 types of cations were added. The d-spacing of vermiculite showed $14.04\;{\AA}$ when divalent cations were added while that of vermiculite showed $13.9\;{\AA}$ when monovalent cations were added. It may be attributed to the hydration radii of cations. This study indicated that both coating of iron oxides on minerals and types and concentrations of cations affect dispersion of minerals in solution and d-spacing of expanding clay minerals such as vermiculite.
Keywords
Hwangto; clay minerals; dispersion; coagulation; vermiculite;
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