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Characteristics of the Black Surface Layer on Carbonate Stone Pagoda in Urban Area and Its Origin  

Do, Jin-Young (School of Cultural Assets, Gyeongju University)
Kim, Jeong-Jin (Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Andong National University)
Cho, Hyen-Goo (Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Gyeongsang National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea / v.19, no.4, 2006 , pp. 383-392 More about this Journal
Abstract
Calcium carbonate stone deterioration has been intensified in urban area, mainly due to the action of atmospheric pollutant. Samples from the black surface layer were examined under petrographic and scanning electron microscope, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analyser X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction analysis was also carried out for chemical composition and mineral phase analysis, respectively. Moreover, sulphur isotope ratio was measured, in order to identify the origin of sulphate compounds in the black surface layer. Optical and electronic petrographic analysis indicated that gypsum and Quartz were contained in the black surface layer and led to microcracks. Microstructure and chemical composition analysis showed that the interface between black layer and original stone is not black but its characteristic is similar to black layer The results indicated that during deterioration process the black layer can be expanded gradually into the interface by adsorption of atmospheric pollutants. The sulphur isotope analysis demonstrates that there are different origins of the sulphur component in black surface layer.
Keywords
calcium carbonate; surface black layer; atmospheric pollutant; stable sulphur isotope; gypsum; stone deterioration;
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