Browse > Article

A Study of Back Transformation of Spinel to Olivine at High Temperature  

Kim Young-Ho (Department of Earth and Environment Science and the Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea / v.18, no.4, 2005 , pp. 237-248 More about this Journal
Abstract
Results from in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction measurements show that $Mg_{2}SiO_{4}{-}$spinel converts back to olivine phase only when heated in vacuum, and that at some high temperature, the olivine phase grows with time at the expense of the spinel phase strongly suggesting a 'nucleation and growth' type transition. In order to obtain the activation energy of spinel-olivine back transformation, kinetics measurements were performed on $Mg_{2}SiO_{4}{-}$spinel in vacuum at high temperatures between 1023 and 1116 K. Activation energy was determined using 'time to a given fraction method'. By employing the Avrami equation, it was found that n values generally increase with increasing temperature in a wide range implying that the nucleation and growth mechanism is probably temperature-dependent. It is likely that in spinel, at a relatively lower transformation temperature, after nucleation sites saturated, the growth of the new phase starts on the surface and gradually moves inwards. At high temperatures, however, after nucleation sites saturated, the growth starts both on the surface as well as at the interior.
Keywords
spinel; olivine; back transformation; nucleation and growth; Avrami equation; activation;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Akaogi, M., Kojitani, H., Matsuzaka, K., Suzuki, T. and Ito, E. (1998) Postspinel transformations in the system $Mg_{2}SiO_{4}$-$Fe_{2}SiO_{4}$: Element partitioning, calorimetry and thermodynamic calculation, Prop. Earth. & Planet. Mat. at HP-HT. Geophysical Monograph, 101, AGU, 373-384
2 Boland, J.N. and Uu, L.G. (1983) Olivine to spinel transformation in $Mg_{2}SiO_{4}$ via faulted structure. Nature, 303, 233-235   DOI
3 Cahn, J.W. (1956) The kinetics of grain boundary nucleated reactions. Acta Metall., 4, 449-459   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Christian, J.W. (1975) The theory of transformation in metals and alloys. Pergamon Press, pp 433
5 Dachille, F., Zeto, R.J. and Roy, R. (1963) Coesite and stishovite: stepwise reversal transformation. Science, 140, 991-993   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
6 Farver, J.R., Yund, R.A. and Rubie, D.C. (1993) Magnesium grain boundary diffusion in finegrained forsterite aggregates. AGU, EoS, 610-611
7 Hamaya, N. and Akimoto, S.J. (1982) Experimental investigation on the mechanism of olivine-spinel transformation: Growth of single crystal spinel from single crystal olivine in TEX>$Mg_{2}SiO_{4}$. High Pressure Research in Geophysics (eds. Akimoto, S. and Manghnani, M.H.), 373-389
8 Knittle, E. and leanloz, R. (1987) The activation energy of the back transformation of silicate perovskite to enstatite. High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (eds. Manghnani, M.H. and Syono, Y.), 243-250
9 Ming, L.C., Kim, Y.H., Manghnani, M.H., Usha-Devi, S., Ito, E. and Xie, H.S. (1991) Back transformation and oxidation of $(Mg,Fe)_{2}SiO_{4}$ spinel at high temperature. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 18, 171-179
10 Sung, C.M. (1979) Kinetics of olivine-spinel transition under high pressure and temperature: Experimental results and geophysical implications. High Pressure Science and Technology, Vol. 2, (eds. Timmehaus, K.D. and Barber, M.S.), 31-42
11 Rubie, D.C., Tsuchida, Y., Yagi, T., Utsumi, W., Kikegawa, T., Shimomura, O. and Brearley, J. (1990) An in-situ X-ray diffraction study of the kinetics of the $Ni_{2}SiO_{4}$ olivine-spinel transformation. J. Geophys. Res., 95(B10), 15829-15844   DOI
12 Will, G. and Lauterjung, J. (1987) The kinetics of the pressure induced olivine-spinel phase transition $Mg_{2}GeO_{4}$. High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (eds. Manghnani, M.H. and Syono, Y.), 177-186
13 Putnis, A. (1992) Introduction to Mineral Sciences. Cambridge Press, 309-331
14 Ming, L.C., Manghnani, M.H. and Balogh, J. (1987) Resistive heating in the diamond anvil cell under vacuum conditions. High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (eds. Manghnani, M.H. and Syono, Y.), 69-74
15 Kim, Y.H. and Na, K.C. (1994) High pressure X-ray diffraction study on a graphite using Synchrotron Radiation. J. Petrol. Soc. Korea, 3(1), 34-40
16 Sung, C.M. and Burns, R.G. (1976) Kinetics of the olivine-spinel transition: Implication to deep-focus earthquake genesis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 32, 165-170   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Remsburg, A.R., Boland, J.N., Gasparik, T. and Liebermann, R.C. (1988) Mechanism of the olivinespinel transformation in $CO_{2}SiO_{4}$. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 15, 498-506   DOI
18 Remsburg, A.R. and Liebermann, R.C. (1991) A study of the polymorphic transformation in $CO_{2}SiO_{4}$. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 18, 161-170
19 Vagi, T., Akaogi, M. Shimomura, O., Suzuki, T. and Akimoto, S.l. (1987) In-situ observation of the olivine-spinel phase transformation in $Fe_{2}SiO_{4}$ using synchrotron radiation. J. Geophys. Res., 92(87), 6207-6213   DOI
20 Lacam, A., Madon, M. and Poirier, J.P. (1980) Olivine glass and spinel formed in a laser heated diamond anvil high pressure cell. Nature, 288, 155-157   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Brearley, A.J., Rubie, D.C. and Ito, E. (1992) Mechanism of the transformations between the ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$ polymorphs of $Mg_2SiO_4$ at 15 GPa. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 18, 343-358.
22 Burnley, P.C. and Green II, H.W. (1991) Faulting associated with olivine to spinel transformation in $Mg_{2}GeO_{4}$ and its implication for deep-focus earthquake. J. Geophys. Res., 96(B1), 425-443   DOI
23 Green II, H.W. and Burnley, P.C. (1989) A new self-organizing mechanism for deep-focus earthquakes. Nature, 341, 733-737   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
24 Koch, M., Woodland, A.B. and Angel, R.J. (2004) Stability of spinelloid in the system $Mg_{2}SiO_{4}-Fe_{2}SiO_{4}-Fe_{3}O_{4} \; at \; 1100^{\circ}C$ and up to 10.5 GPa. Phys. Earth & Planet. Int., 143, 171-183   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Anderson, D.L. and Bass, J.D. (1986) Transition region of the Earth's upper mantle. Nature, 320 (6060), 321-328   DOI
26 Wu, T.C., Bassett, W.A., Burnley, P.c. and Weathers, M.S. (1993) Shear promoted phase transition in $Fe_{2}SiO_{4}$ and $Mg_{2}SiO_{4}$ and the mechanism of deep Earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res. 98(B11), 19767-19776   DOI
27 Morioka, M. (1981) Cation diffusion in olivine-II, Ni-Mg, Mn-Mg, Mg and Ca. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45, 1573-1580   DOI   ScienceOn