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Formation of Alteration Minerals in Gouges of Quaternary Faults at the Eastern Blocks of the Ulsan Fault, Southeastern Korea  

Chang, Tae-Woo (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University)
Chae, Yeon-Joon (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University)
Choo, Chang-Oh (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea / v.18, no.3, 2005 , pp. 205-214 More about this Journal
Abstract
Some Quaternary faults developed in the eastern block of the Ulsan fault are Gaegok 1, Gaegok 2, Singye, Madong, Wonwonsa and Jinhyeon faults, which are characterized by thin gouge and narrow cataclasitic tones. This study was performed to emphasize the role of mineral alteration and microtexture in response to hydrothermal alteration of fault gouges during fault activity, using XRD, EPMA, BSE (backscattered electron image), and K-Ar age dating methods. Alteration minerals in fault gouges were formed in the age range of $44.3\~28.9Ma$ by hydrothermal alteration attributed to fault activity. XRD results show that fault gouges consist predominantly of clay minerals, quartz and feldspars. Clay minerals formed in the gouge zones are mainly composed of smectite with trace chlorite, illite and kaolinite. The evidence to support the hydrothermal alteration of preexisting minerals due to fault activity are easily recognized at the host rocks in contact with gouges zones. Injected gouge and calcite veins indicate that they were originated from multiple deformation by repeated fault activity. Gouge with green or greenish grey color, for example Jinhyeon fault, contains higher $Al_2O_3$ and lower MgO and CaO compared to those with reddish color. Various colors of fault gouge are intimately related to the chemical compositions of main constituent mineral as well as mineral assemblage.
Keywords
quaternary fault; Ulsan fault; gouge; smectite; hydrothermal alteration;
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