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Supergene Alteration of High-Ca Limestone from the Pungchon Formation  

Oh Sung Jin (Department of Geology, Kangwon National University)
Kim Kyong Jin (Mineral Exploration Division, Korea Resources Corporation)
Noh Jin Hwan (Department of Geology, Kangwon National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea / v.18, no.2, 2005 , pp. 135-144 More about this Journal
Abstract
In the high-Ca limestone zone of the Pungchon Formation of the Lower Chosun Supergroup, cryptocrystalline alterations with reddish brown color occur as fissure-fillings or coatings, which was originated from the upper formation, i. e., the Hwajeol Formation. The precipitates result in degradation and contamination of the high-Ca limestone ore in grade and quality, showing characteristic occurrence and mineral composition typical of suggesting a supergene origin. Chalcedonic quartz, kaolinite, illite, goethite and hematite are constituting a characteristic authigenic mineral assemblage and, in places, smectite is less commonly included in the weathering product. In addition to these authigenic phases, some detrital minerals such as mica and orthoclase constituting relatively coarser grains are also rarely present in the supergene alterations. A rather complex clay facies consisting of kaolinite, illite and smectite in the alterations seems to correspond to the typical clay composition of the reported residual pedogenic soils by limestone weathering. The cryptocrystalline weathering product is partly altered to stilbite, a characteristic hydrothermal zeolite, in places, by the hydrothermal contact of late stage. The time of formation and infiltration of the supergene alterations seems to correspond to the stage just after the epithermal alteration of the Pungchon Limestone, i. e., an early Jurassic age. The supergene alteration, which may imply the stage of uplifting, weathering and erosion of the Chosun Supergroup, appears to have undergone at an oxygen-rich environment in descending water of meteoric origin by means of a chemical leaching and diffusion.
Keywords
pungchon formation; hwajeol formation; supergene alteration; high-Ca limestone; chalcedonic quartz; kaolinite; illite; goethite; hematite; hydrothermal alteration;
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