Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Carotenoid-biofortified Rice : Responses of Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus and Cyprinus Carpio Fed on Carotenoid-biofortified Rice Variety

The carotenoid-biofortified (PAC) rice was developed and confirmed biosynthesis of specific carotenoids (zeaxanthin, a-carotene and ${\beta}$-carotene) in rice endosperm. Also, PAC rice contained herbicide resistance selectable marker by introducing the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene from the Streptomyces hygroscopicus. For biosafety assessment, the PAC rice expressing the herbicide resistant gene PAT and carotenoid biosynthesis gene PSY/CrtI was tested for the effects on survival of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Cyprinus carpio, commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies. M. anguillicaudatus and C. carpio fed 100% ground rice of suspension, PAC or non-GM counterpart rice (Nakdong). Gene expression of PAC rice was confirmed to have the PAT by the southern blot and western blot analysis. Feeding test showed that no significant differences in cumulative immobility and abnormal response of M. anguillicaudatus and C. carpio fed on between PAC rice and non-GM counterpart rice. The 96hr-$LC_{50}$ values showed no difference between PAC rice(>1,000mg/L) and non-GM rice(>1,000 mg/L). We concluded that there was no significant difference in toxicity for non-target organisms(M. anguillicaudatus and C. carpio) between PAC rice and non-GM counterparts.

비타민 A 강화벼의 환경위해성 평가 : 비타민 A 강화벼가 미꾸리(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) 및 잉어(Cyprinus carpio)에 미치는 영향

비타민A 강화벼와 '낙동'의 미꾸리(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)와 잉어(Cyprinus carpio)에 대한 급성독성시험을 실시한 결과 48시간 및 96시간-$LC_{50}$은 1,000 mg/L이상으로 나타났다. 48시간 및 96시간 무영향농도(NOEC)는 1,000 mg/L이었다. 급성독성 시험기간 중 비타민A 강화벼와 낙동벼간의 pH, DO, 수온, 체중 및 전장에 대한 유의적인 결과는 나타나지 않았다.