Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.22705/jkashcn.2020.27.3.306

Types of Empathy among Nurses Caring for Patients with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia  

Kim, Geun Myun (Department of Nursing Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Lee, Ok-Kyun (Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Lee, Jeoung-Ran (Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Kang, Ok-Hee (Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Jeong, Young-hwa (Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Chang, Soo Jung (Department of Nursing Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Home Health Care Nursing / v.27, no.3, 2020 , pp. 306-320 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the subjective perception structures and types of empathy among nurses caring for patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) using Q-methodology. Methods: Thirty-eight Q-samples (statements) were derived from in-depth interviews with 10 nurses working in long-term care hospitals and nursing homes. The Q-sorting was conducted in rank order (the responses obtained by each of the 30 nurses working at 3 long-term care hospitals and 4 nursing homes) into a normal distribution grid (from -4 to +4). The types of empathy among participants were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Results: Five types of empathy accounting for 48.5% of the total variance were categorized as follows: (1) taking the patients' personality into consideration while helping, (2) interacting closely and emotionally, (3) supporting the patient as a companion, (4) performing the duty in a defensive manner, and (5) resolving patients' problems by focusing on their needs. Conclusion: This study shows that there are various types of empathy in nurses caring for patients with BPSD. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies and educative programs to enhance empathy competency and deal with burnout based on the type of empathy.
Keywords
Dementia; Empathy; Nurses; Nursing homes;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Watt JA, Goodarzi Z, Veroniki AA, Nincic V, Khan PA, Ghassemi M, et al. Comparative efficacy of interventions for aggressive and agitated behaviors in dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2019;171(9):633-642. https://doi.org/10.7326/m19-0993   DOI
2 Kim HJ, Kim HY. Experience of job stress among nurses working in long-term care hospital: a phenomenological approach. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2016;28(5): 572-584. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.5.572   DOI
3 Kim HJ, Song JA. Empathy in family caregivers for persons with dementia: a Q methodology study. Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing. 2017;19(3):214-225. https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2017.19.3.214   DOI
4 Monin JK, Schulz R. Interpersonal effects of suffering in older adult caregiving relationships. Psychology and Aging. 2009;24(3):681-695. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016355.   DOI
5 Lee GY, Tak YR. A concept analysis of the empathic capacity of nurses. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction. 2019;19(5):651-674. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2019.19.5.651.   DOI
6 Feil N, De Klerk-Rubin V. The validation breakthrough: simple techniques for communicating with people with Alzheimer's and other dementias. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Health Professions Press; 2002. p. 392.
7 Han YA, Hur HG. Formal nursing home caregivers' dementia knowledge, empathy, and burden of care from behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Journal of Korean Gerontological nursing. 2020;22(2):216-225. https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2020.22.3.216   DOI
8 Kim HY. Development and its effect of empathy training program based on the cognitive behavior therapy for the student nurses [dissertation]. Seoul: Myongji University; 2016. p. 17.
9 Lee MH, Park MH. Geriatric hospital nurses' empathy, attitude and pain management for patients with dementia. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2016;28(4):388-398. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2016.28.4.388   DOI
10 Ha JY, Jeon SY. Compassion fatigue within dementia nursing practice: a concept analysis. Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing. 2015;17(1):48-55. https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2015.17.1.48   DOI
11 Jung SY, Lee EK. Factors associated with compassion satisfaction of nurses in long-term care hospitals: focused on patient safety culture. Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing. 2019;33(3):379-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5932/JKPHN.2019.33.3.379   DOI
12 Kelinger FN. Foundation of behavioral research. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinegart and Winston; 1973. p. 584.
13 Yeun EJ, Kwon YM, Lee YM. Perceptions of medical personnel toward burnout using Q methodology. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration. 2016;22(1): 57-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.1.57   DOI
14 Kim HG. Q methodology: philosophy, theories, analysis, and application. Seoul: Communication Books; 2008. p. 95-103.
15 Kim CG, Lee YH. Nurses' experiences of caring with demented older persons. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2012;24(5):454-465. http://dx.doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2012.24.5.454   DOI
16 Kang H, Son HJ. Nursing staffs experience of nonpharmacological approaches to behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in geriatric hospitals. Korean Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare. 2017;72(4):61-85. https://doi.org/10.21194/kjgsw.72.4.201712.61   DOI
17 Lee JS, Gang MJ, Nam HJ, Kim YJ, Lee OJ, Kim KY. Korean dementia observatory of 2019. National Institute of Dementia Report. Seoul: National Institute of Dementia, 2020 February. Report No. : NIDR-1902-0028.
18 Park JW, Choi EJ. Factors influencing job satisfaction of nurses working in long-term care hospitals: focused on burnout and burden for caring problematic behaviors in dementia. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. 2015;16(11):7403-7413. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.11.7403   DOI
19 Lee YS, Kim HS. The influence of dementia attitude, empathy, and burden related to behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia patients on job satisfaction of long-term care hospital nurses. Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing. 2020;22(3):205-215. https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2020.22.3.205   DOI
20 Lim DY. Coping with dementia related behavior problems of the elderly and care providers. Journal of Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. 2015;16(7):4805-4815. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.7.4805   DOI
21 Lee KS, Kim SH, Hwang HJ. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and antipsychotic drug use in the elderly with dementia in Korean long-term care facilities. 2015;2:363-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40801-015-0047-0   DOI
22 Song JA, Park JW, Kim H. Impact of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia on caregiver burden in nursing homes. Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing. 2013;15(1):62-74.
23 Nazarko L. Dementia care: the use and abuse of anti-psychotic drugs. Nursing Residential Care. 2009;11(3): 138-142. https://doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2009.11.3.39660   DOI
24 Park HJ, Park HO. Coping behaviors of geriatric hospital nurses to the BPSD in persons with dementia. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art. 2018;8(2):825-838. https://doi.org/10.35873/ajmahs.2018.8.2.081.   DOI
25 Suh EK, Kim HR. Experiences of long-term care hospital nurses caring for elders with dementia. Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 2019;21(2):99-111. https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2019.21.2.99   DOI
26 Johnston B, Narayanasamy M. Exploring psychosocial interventions for people with dementia that enhance personhood and relate to legacy-an integrative review. BMC Geriatrics. 2016;16(1):77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0250-1   DOI
27 Choi SY. Concept analysis of empathy. The Korean Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing. 2019;26(3):145-154. https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2019.26.3.145.   DOI