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http://dx.doi.org/10.22790/artjournal.2022.102.3864

A Study on the Inflow Routes and Utilization of East Asian Lacquerware in the Art Market of France during the 17th and 18th Centuries  

Shin Sangchel (Division of Cultural Heritage Convergence at Korea University)
Publication Information
MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal / v.102, no., 2022 , pp. 38-64 More about this Journal
Abstract
East Asian lacquerware began to be introduced to Western countries around the sixteenth century when East-West maritime trade routes were established by Portuguese and Dutch merchants. Europeans who first encountered lacquerware crafts made in China and Japan were captivated by the material characteristics and technical excellence of the pieces. There were no similar counterparts in the decorative arts of their countries. East Asian lacquerware brought to European markets in the late sixteenth century through the late eighteen century through Portuguese merchant fleets and the East India Company quickly became popular items. The possession of East Asian lacquerware items characterized by brilliant hues, exotic decorative designs, and reflective surfaces and durability reminiscent of ceramics became a symbol of wealth and status in European society for their rarity and remarkable decorative value. From the late sixteenth century to the mid-seventeenth century when they were first introduced, East Asian lacquerware items were distributed and collected in accordance with their original types and purposes. However, when large-scale lacquered works such as Coromandel screens began to be introduced from the late seventeenth century onward, new ways of utilizing East Asian lacquerware emerged in Europe. Coromandel lacquerware, which is a term used in the European art market to refer to Chinese lacquerware that was exported to Europe from ports on the Coromandel coast of India, is generally produced in the form of large folding screens adorned with designs of flowers and birds or otherwise inspired by Chinese customs and landscapes. The designs are executed on a black or dark brown background. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, there was little practical utilization of these Coromandel screens in residential spaces in Europe. The screens were generally perceived as decorative objects suitable for special events or simply as rare and precious objects from East Asia for displaying the wealth and status of the owner. However, as Coromandel screens came to be applied as an element in lambris, a type of European interior decoration, the usage of the East Asian lacquerware screens began to change. Lambris is an architectural term that refers to a method of decorating the interior walls of stone buildings using wooden panels. Starting in the eighteenth century, Coromandel screens were being incorporated in lambris and Chinese and Japanese lacquerware began to be used as materials for European furniture production. This decorative technique was implemented in consideration of the material characteristics of East Asian lacquerware and allowed the utilization of the images depicted on the surfaces of lacquerware for purposes of visual appreciation. The growing European interest in Asian images led the demand for East Asian lacquerware in the European art market to gradually shift from the mid-seventeenth century onward from small decorative cabinets to large screens. The process through which lacquerware from China and Japan considered rare and precious objects were combined with diverse Western styles of European art to become an element of European interior decoration is a fascinating example of the history of exchanges in artworks between the East and West and the changes in the practices of East Asian art collection in Western society in the premodern era.
Keywords
East Asian lacquerware; East India Company; Namban lacquerware; Maki-e lacquerware; Coromandel screen; Chinoiserie furniture;
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