Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.22790/artjournal.2022.101.4865

Japanese Buddhist Sculptures of Daehyusa Temple(大休寺) in Gimcheon(金泉) Enshrined in the Henjoin Temple(遍照院) in Daegu(大邱) from the Japanese Colonial Period  

Bae, Jaeho (Department of Cultural Heritage, Yong In University)
Publication Information
MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal / v.101, no., 2022 , pp. 48-65 More about this Journal
Abstract
Three Japanese Buddhist scuptures of Daehyusa temple in Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do province(慶尙北道) are enshrined in the main hall(本堂) of Henjoin temple in Daegu, an annex temple built by the Chisan School(智山派) of Shingi Shingon sect(新義眞言宗) in Daegu around 1910 when the Japanese colonial period began. The following statues are believed to have been made around this time: the Statue of Kobo daishi(弘法大師像), which is the figure of monk Kukai(空海, 774-835), the founder of the Shingon sect(眞言宗) of Japan, and the Statue of Dainichi nyorai(大日如來像) and the Statue of Fudo myo-o(不動明王像), which are notable sculptures representing the thought and belief of the Shingon sect. Most statues identified of Dainichi nyorai, Kobo daishi, and Fudo myo-o from the Japanese colonial period thus far are rock-carved statues or stone statues. The statues of Daehyusa temple are noteworthy in that they are the first discovered Japanese Buddhist sculptures made of wood, known to have been enshrined in Japanese temples. Furthermore, they are valuable sources that can provide clues to the religious atmosphere of the temples of Chisan School of Shingi Shingon sect at the time. Although these statues have formative features that partially reflect modern aesthetics, their iconographic origins date back to the Heian period(平安時代, 794-1185). In other words, the Statue of Dainichi nyorai inherits the religious tradition of the Statue of Dainichi nyorai, which was created by monk Kakuban(覺鑁, 1095-1143), the founder of the Shingi Shingon sect. The Statue of Kobo daishi follows the Shinnyo Shinno(眞如親王) style founded by Monk-Imperial Prince Shinnyo who was a disciple of monk Kukai. The Statue of Fudo myo-o manifests the Genjo(玄祖) style among the statues of Fudo myo-o. Although not much is known about how the statues were enshrined in the Henjoin temple in Daegu during the Japanese colonial period, it is very likely that these statues were created as Shingi Shingon sect's statue of three-wheeled body(三輪身). That is, it is estimated that the Statue of Dainichi nyorai, Statue of Kobo daishi, and Statue of Fudo myo-o have the characteristics of the body of self-nature chakra(自性輪身), the body of great dharma chakra(正法輪身), and the body of order chakra(敎令輪身), respectively. The fact that the statue of three-wheeled body was established in the Shingon sect in Japan by monk Kakuban also lends credence to this possibility. It is thought that people who came to the Henjoin temple in Daegu worshiped the statue of three-wheeled body to understand the teachings of the Dainichi nyorai. Although it is the case of Sildalsa Temple (悉達寺, the successor of Henjoin temple in Daegu) in the first half of the 1950s, the main hall includes features that reinforce the idea that the tradition of Kobo daisi faith(弘法大師信仰) is passed on. To illustrate, the human skeletal remains in the main hall of Sildalsa Temple reflect Koyasan(高野山)'s tradition in laying ashes to rest, which has been popular in conjunction with the Kobo daishi faith in Japan since the 11th century.
Keywords
Henjoin temple in Daegu; Daehyusa temple in Gimcheon; Statue of Dainichi nyorai; Statue of Kobo daishi; Statue of Fudo myo-o; Chisan school of Shingi Shingon sect;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 白井優子, 「空海傳說の形成と高野山-入定傳說の形成と高野山納骨の發生」, 東京: 同成社, 1986.
2 村上弘子, 「高野山信仰の成立と展開」, 東京: 雄山閣, 2009.
3 이경화, 「일제강점기 목포 유달산의 弘法大師像과 88靈場」, 「동북아역사논총」 47, 2015.
4 大石雅章, 「四國遍路と弘法大師信仰」, 「四國遍路と世界の巡禮」 1, 2016.
5 佐和隆硏, 「日本における不動明王とその展開」, 「佛敎藝術」 12, 1951.
6 ジョン モリス, 「弘法大師入定說と神仙譚」, 「年報日本思想史」 13, 2014.
7 Jon,Morris, 「弘法大師入定說の洋式に關する一考察」, 「駒沢女子大學硏究紀要」 22, 2015.
8 東京國立博物館.京都國立博物館.北海道立近代美術館.岡山県立博物館.名古屋市博物館.福岡市美術館.眞言宗各派總大本山會.朝日新聞社, 「入定1150年 弘法大師と密敎美術」, 東京: 朝日新聞社, 1983.
9 小倉右一郞, 「弘法大師の肖像」, 「密教研究」 46, 1932.
10 佐藤俊哉, 「弘法大師における仏身観の源流を求めて」, 「智山学報」 56, 2007.
11 中野玄三, 「不動明王画像の諸相」, 「硏究発表と座談会 不動明王の諸相 最澄と空海の書風について」, 仏敎美術硏究上野記念財団助成硏究会, 仏敎美術硏究上野記念財団助成硏究会報告書 8冊, 1981.
12 淺湫毅, 「初期の不動明王圖像」, 「硏究発表と座談会 空海と密敎のかたち」, 仏敎美術硏究上野記念財団助成硏究会, 仏敎美術硏究上野記念財団助成硏究会報告書 31冊, 2004.
13 川野憲一, 「基層信仰と密敎の融合-日本における不動明王の受容について」, 「文化學年報」 62, 2013.
14 左和隆硏, 「空海とその美術」, 東京: 朝日新聞社, 1984.
15 朝鮮總督府, 「朝鮮總督府官報」, 제1960호(1919년 2월 21일)
16 「金剛頂經一字頂輪王瑜伽一切時處念誦成佛儀軌」 一卷
17 「不空羂索神變眞言經」 卷第9
18 仙台市博物館, 「東日本大震災復興記念 特別展 空海と高野山の至宝」, 東京: 共同通信社, 2017.
19 松本昭, 「弘法大師入定說の硏究」, 東京: 六興出版, 1982.
20 東京國立博物館, 「空海と密敎美術展」, 東京: 讀賣新聞社, 2011.
21 齋藤昭俊, 「弘法大師信仰と傳說」, 東京: 新人物往來社, 1984.
22 平澤照尊, 「新義眞言宗史槪觀」, 東京: 東方書院, 1934.
23 俵谷和子, 「高野山信仰と權門貴紳」, 東京: 岩田書院, 2010.
24 박규태, 「고야산(高野山)과 대사(大師)신앙: 그 종교적 중층성을 중심으로」, 「청람사학」 30, 2019.
25 원영상, 「일본불교의 영장(靈場)과 성지순례문화 연구: 근대의 종교상황에 이르기까지」, 「종교연구」 52, 2008.
26 이경화, 「근대기 목포 유달산의 마애조각」, 「불교미술사학」 28, 2019.
27 후지타 고칸, 「진언밀교(眞言密敎)의 성지(聖地).고야산(高野山)과 그 곳에서 열리는 연중행사(年中行事)」, 「경남학」 31, 2010.
28 京都國立博物館.愛知県美術館.東京國立博物館.和歌山県立博物館, 「弘法大師入唐1200年記念 空海と高野山」, 大阪:NHK 大阪放送局:NHKきんきナディアプラン, 2004.
29 인천광역시, 「근대 개항도시의 불교문화 자취-인천.부산.목포에서 찾다-」 인천역사문화총서 87, 2019.
30 渡辺照宏, 「不動明王」, 朝日選書35, 東京: 朝日新聞社, 1975.
31 賴富本宏, 「曼茶羅の鑑賞基礎知識」, 東京: 至文堂, 1991.
32 每日新聞社, 「四國靈場八十八ケ所 空海と遍路文化展」, 東京: 每日新聞社, 2002.
33 井上正, 「不動明王彫像に関する問題点」, 「硏究発表と座談会 不動明王の諸相 最澄と空海の書風について」, 仏敎美術硏究上野記念財団助成硏究会, 仏敎美術硏究上野記念財団助成硏究会報告書 8冊, 1981.
34 津田徹英, 「醍醐寺靈寶館所藏 五大明王像」, 「佛敎藝術」 255, 2001.
35 淺見龍介, 「六波羅蜜寺の佛像」, 「Museum」 620, 2009.
36 賴富本宏, 「日本の大日如來」, 「大日如來の世界」, 東京: 春秋社, 2009.
37 奧 健夫, 「金剛寺藏 木造不動明王及び二童子像」, 「國華」 1401, 2011.
38 村上保壽, 「高野山の空間論」, 「密敎文化」 214, 2005.
39 大谷欣裕, 「三輪身の形成に関する一考察」, 「佛敎學硏究」 64, 2008.
40 見田隆鑑, 「滋賀縣 余吳町.菅山寺不動明王坐像考」, 「名古屋大學博物館報告」 20, 2004.
41 福地佳代子, 「脇侍像における童子形表現の展開-不動明王二童子像を通して-」, 「東北福祉大學硏究紀要」 33, 2009.
42 濱田隆, 「高野山の弘法大師像」, 「Museum」 137, 1962.
43 林宏一, 「法恩寺藏 木造大日如來坐像」, 「國華」 1401, 2011.
44 佐藤俊哉, 「弘法大師空海の法身観」, 「印度學佛教學研究」 60-2, 2002.
45 田邊三郞助, 「東寺西院御影堂の弘法大師像」, 「國華」 910, 1968.
46 高木訷元, 「空海生涯とその周辺」, 東京: 吉川弘文館, 2006.
47 大邱府 編纂, 「大邱民團史」, 東京: 秀英舍, 1915.
48 朝鮮總督府, 「朝鮮總督府官報」, 제2566호(1921년 3월 4일)
49 「大毗盧遮那成佛神變加持經」 卷第1
50 「大毗盧遮那成佛神變加持經疏」 卷第5