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Measurement of $G_{max}$ of Sands Using Bender Element in Resonant Column and Torsional Shear Equipment  

Kim Dong-Soo (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engrg., KAIST)
Youn Jun-Ung (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engrg., KAIST)
Lee Sei-Hyun (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engrg., KAIST)
Choo Yun-Wook (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engrg., KAIST)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society / v.21, no.10, 2005 , pp. 17-25 More about this Journal
Abstract
The bender element method is an experimental technique to determine very small strain ($<10^{-3}\%$), elastic shear modulus of a soil, $G_{max}$ by measuring the velocity of shear wave propagation through a sample. Bender elements have been applied as versatile transducers to measure small strain modulus of wet or dry soils in various laboratory apparatus. In this paper, bender element (BE), resonant column (RC) and torsional shear (TS) tests were performed on Toyoura sand at various testing conditions using the modified Stokoe type RC/TS testing equipment capable of performing BE test. Based on the results, applicabilities of the testing method using bender element were evaluated by comparing the values of $G_{max}$ obtained from RC/TS and BE testing methods. For more dependable evaluation, the loading frequency of each testing method was considered for the results obtained for samples in saturated condition by adapting Biot's theory.
Keywords
Bender element testing; Resonant-column testing; Shear wave; Small strain stiffness; Torsional shear testing;
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