Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2021.26.4.327

The Surface Distribution of Dissolved Gases in the Southwestern East Sea: Comparison of the Primary Production and CO2 Absorption in Summer between Coastal Areas and the Ulleung Basin  

LEE, INHEE (Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University)
HAHM, DOSHIK (Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY / v.26, no.4, 2021 , pp. 327-342 More about this Journal
Abstract
The global coastal region is considered as a sink for atmospheric CO2. Since most of the studies in the East Sea focused on the Ulleung Basin, the importance of coastal region for carbon cycle has been overlooked. In this study, we compared the biological pump and CO2 absorption between the Ulleung Basin and coastal region by surface measurements of biological O2 supersaturation (𝚫O2/Ar) and partial pressure of CO2 (fCO2). Cold and less saline waters in the coastal regions were in contrast with a warm and saline water in the Ulleung Basin. The coastal waters near Samcheok and Pohang showed higher fluorescence, 𝚫O2/Ar, and lower fCO2 than those in the Ulleung Basin, indicating higher primary production and CO2 absorption in the areas. The average net community production estimated by 𝚫O2/Ar were 19 ± 6 and 60 ± 9 mmol O2 m-2d-1 in the Samcheok and Pohang, respectively, 2-7 times higher than that of 8 ± 4 mmol O2 m-2d-1 in the Ulleung Basin. Similarly, the average CO2 flux between the seawater and atmosphere were -17.1 ± 8.9 and -25.8 ± 13.2 mmol C m-2d-1 in the Samcheok and Pohang, respectively, 4-5 times higher than that of -4.7 ± 2.5 mmol C m-2d-1 in the Ulleung Basin. In the Samcheok and Pohang, degrees of N2 saturation were lower by 3% than that the ambient waters, suggesting the possibility of nitrogen fixation by primary producers.
Keywords
O2/Ar; CO2 flux; Nitrogen fixation; East sea; Coastal region;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Cassar, N., W. Tang, H. Gabathuler and K. Huang, 2018. Method for High Frequency Underway N2 Fixation Measurements: Flow-Through Incubation Acetylene Reduction Assays by Cavity Ring Down Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (FARACAS). Analytical Chemistry, 90(4): 2839-2851.   DOI
2 Choi, Y., D. Kim, J.H. Noh and D.-J. Kang, 2021. Contribution of changjiang river discharge to CO2 uptake capacity of the northern east china sea in august 2016. Continental Shelf Research, 215: 104336.   DOI
3 Craig, H. and T. Hayward, 1987. Oxygen supersaturation in the ocean: Biological versus physical contributions. Science, 235(4785): 199-202.   DOI
4 Dinauer, A. and A. Mucci, 2018. Distinguishing between physical and biological controls on the spatial variability of pCO2: A novel approach using OMP water mass analysis (St. Lawrence, Canada). Marine Chemistry, 204: 107-120.   DOI
5 Sato, T., T. Shiozaki, Y. Taniuchi, H. Kasai and K. Takahashi, 2021. Nitrogen fixation and diazotroph community in the subarctic sea of japan and sea of okhotsk. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126(4).
6 Ducklow, H.W. and S.L. McCallister, 2004. The biogeochemistry of carbon dioxide in the coastal oceans. The Sea, 13, edited by A. R. Robinson, J. McCarthy, and B. J. Rothschild, Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA, pp. 269-315.
7 Hahm, D., T.S. Rhee, H.-C. Kim, C.J. Jang, Y.S. Kim and J.-H. Park, 2019. An observation of primary production enhanced by coastal upwelling in the southwest East/Japan Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 195: 30-37.   DOI
8 Ferron, S., D.A. del Valle, K.M. Bjorkman, P.D. Quay, M.J. Church and D.M. Karl, 2016. Application of membrane inlet mass spectrometry to measure aquatic gross primary production by the 18O in vitro method. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods, 14(9): 1-13.   DOI
9 Garcia, H. and L. Gordon, 1992. Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better fitting equations. Limnology And Oceanography, 37(6): 1307-1312.   DOI
10 Glueckauf, E., 1951. The composition of atmospheric air, in Compendium of Meteorology, edited by T. F. Malone, Springer, pp. 3-10.
11 Hahm, D., T.S. Rhee, H.-C. Kim, J. Park, Y.N. Kim, H.C. Shin and S. Lee, 2014. Spatial and temporal variation of net community production and its regulating factors in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research, 119(5): 2815-2826.   DOI
12 Hamme, R. and S. Emerson, 2002. Mechanisms controlling the global oceanic distribution of the inert gases argon, nitrogen and neon. Geophys-ical Research Letters, 29(23): 2120.
13 Hamme, R.C. and S.R. Emerson, 2013. Deep-sea nutrient loss inferred from the marine dissolved N2/Ar ratio. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(6): 1149-1153.   DOI
14 Kana, T., C. Darkangelo, M. Hunt, J. Oldham, G. Bennett and J. Cornwell, 1994. Membrane inlet mass spectrometer for rapid high-precision determination of N2, O2, and Ar in environmental water samples. Anal. Chem., 66(23): 4166-4170.   DOI
15 Kroopnick, P. and H. Craig, 1972. Atmospheric oxygen: Isotopic composition and solubility fractionation. Science, 175(4017): 54-55.   DOI
16 Pierrot, D., C. Neill, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Luger, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R.A. Feely and C.E. Cosca, 2009. Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II, 56(8): 512-522.   DOI
17 Langdon, C., 2010. Determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater by Winkler titration using the amperometric technique. GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual. IOCCP Report No. 14, ICPO Publication Series No. 134.
18 Laws, E.A., 1991. Photosynthetic quotients, new production and net community production in the open ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 38(1): 143-167.   DOI
19 Lim, S., C.J. Jang, I.S. Oh and J. Park, 2012. Climatology of the mixed layer depth in the east/japan sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 96-97: 1-14.   DOI
20 Pilson, M.E., 2013. An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Sea, Cambridge University Press.
21 Weiss, R., 1974. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas. Marine Chemistry, 2(3): 203-215.   DOI
22 Schmale, O., M. Karle, M. Glockzin and B. Schneider, 2019. Potential of Nitrogen/Argon Analysis in Surface Waters in the Examination of Areal Nitrogen Deficits Caused by Nitrogen Fixation. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(12): 6869-6876.   DOI
23 Teeter, L., R.C. Hamme, D. Ianson and L. Bianucci, 2018. Accurate estimation of net community production from O2/ar measurements. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 32(8): 1163-1181.
24 Wanninkhof, R., 2014. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean revisited. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods, 12(6): 351-362.   DOI
25 Yamada, K., J. Ishizaka and H. Nagata, 2005. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Satellite Primary Production in the Japan Sea from 1998 to 2002. Journal of Oceanography, 61(5): 857-869.   DOI
26 Tang, W., S. Wang, D. Fonseca-Batista, F. Dehairs, S. Gifford, A.G. Gon- zalez, M. Gallinari, H. Planquette, G. Sarthou and N. Cassar, 2019. Revisiting the distribution of oceanic N2 fixation and estimating diazotrophic contribution to marine production. Nature Communications, 10(1): 831.   DOI
27 Johnson, K.S., J.N. Plant, S.C. Riser and D. Gilbert, 2015. Air Oxygen Calibration of Oxygen Optodes on a Profiling Float Array. Journal Of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, 32(11): 2160-2172.   DOI
28 Bender, M., J. Orchardo, M.-L. Dickson, R. Barber and S. Lindley, 1999. In vitro O2 fluxes compared with 14C production and other rate terms during the JGOFS Equatorial Pacific experiment. Deep-Sea Research I, 46(4): 637-654.   DOI
29 Bender, M., K. Grande, K. Johnson, J. Marra, P.J.L. Williams, J. Sieburth, M. Pilson, C. Langdon, G. Hitchcock, J. Orchardo, C. Hunt, P. Donaghay and K. Heinemann, 1987. A comparison of four methods for determining planktonic community production1. Limnol. Oceanogr, 32(5): 1085-1098.   DOI
30 Hamme, R.C. and S.R. Emerson, 2004. The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater. Deep-Sea Research I, 51(11): 1517-1528.   DOI
31 Kwak, J.H., J. Hwang, E.J. Choy, H.J. Park, D.-J. Kang, T. Lee, K.-I. Chang, K.-R. Kim and C.-K. Kang, 2013. High primary productivity and f-ratio in summer in the Ulleung basin of the East/Japan Sea. Deep Sea Research I, 79: 74-85.   DOI
32 Reuer, M., B. Barnett, M. Bender, P. Falkowski and M. Hendricks, 2007. New estimates of Southern Ocean biological production rates from O2/Ar ratios and the triple isotope composition of O2. Deep-Sea Research Part I, 54(6): 951-974.   DOI
33 Takahashi, T., S.C. Sutherland, C. Sweeney, A. Poisson, N. Metzl, B. Tilbrook, N. Bates, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Feely, C. Sabine, J. Olafs-son and Y. Nojiri, 2002. Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 49(9): 1601-1622.   DOI
34 Volk, T. and M.I. Hoffert, 1985. Ocean Carbon Pumps: Analysis of Relative Strengths and Efficiencies in Ocean-Driven Atmospheric CO2 Changes, in The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2: Natural Variations Archean to Present, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 99-110.
35 Xiong, T.-Q., P.-F. Liu, W.-D. Zhai, Y. Bai, D. Liu, D. Qi, N. Zheng, J.-W. Liu, X.-H. Guo, T.-Y. Cheng, H.-X. Zhang, S.-Y. Wang, X.-Q. He, J.-F. Chen and R. Li, 2019. Export flux, biogeochemical effects, and the fate of a terrestrial carbonate system: From changjiang (yangtze river) estuary to the east china sea. Earth and Space Science, 6(11): 2115-2141.   DOI
36 Yun, J.-Y., L. Magaard, K. Kim, C.-W. Shin, C. Kim and S.-K. Byun, 2004. Spatial and temporal variability of the north korean cold water leading to the near-bottom cold water intrusion in korea strait. Progress in Oceanography, 60(1): 99-131.   DOI
37 Cassar, N., B.A. Barnett, M.L. Bender, J. Kaiser, R.C. Hamme and B. Tilbrook, 2009. Continuous High-Frequency Dissolved O2/Ar Measurements by Equilibrator Inlet Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 81: 1855-1864.   DOI
38 Kim, J.-Y., D.-J. Kang, T. Lee and K.-R. Kim, 2014. Long-term trend of CO2 and ocean acidification in the surface water of the Ulleung Basin, the East/Japan Sea inferred from the underway observational data. Biogeosciences, 11(9): 2443-2454.   DOI
39 Kim, S.-Y., S. Jeong and T. Lee, 2019. Calcium carbonate saturation state in the ulleung basin, east sea. The Sea, 24(3): 389-399.
40 Klawonn, I., G. Lavik, P. Boning, H. Marchant, J. Dekaezemacker, W. Mohr and H. Ploug, 2015. Simple approach for the preparation of 15-15N2-enriched water for nitrogen fixation assessments: evaluation, application and recommendations. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6: 769.   DOI
41 Levitus, S. and T.P. Boyer, 1994. World Ocean Atlas 1994. Volume 4. Temperature, Tech. rep.
42 Pierrot, D., E. Lewis and D.W.R. Wallace, 2006. CO2SYS DOS Program Developed for CO2System Calculations. ORNL/CDIAC105, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, California.