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For those ports that have been deselected as ports of call, resulting from the formation of Alliances/mergers and hub and spoke strategies there is often a double negative impact. Firstly, there can be a huge loss of business resulting from the loss of a particular carrier. Secondly, if it is not replaced there is resulting overcapacity that can itself prove to be costly
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Loading and discharging charges US$100, shuttle charges US$35, CY handling US$25, lashing & unlashing and check US$17, wharfage US$3.5.(as of Nov. 2002)
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Moon, S.H., Kwak, K.S., Nam, K.C. and Song, Y.S.(2003), 'An Analysis on the Distribution of Transshipment Container Cargoes in Northeast Asia: with particular reference to Korea and China', a paper presented to the International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME) 2003 Conference, Sept. 3-5, Busan, Korea
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Ocean Shipping Consultants Ltd(2001), Korean Containerport Projection
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Cargo Systems Report(1998), 'Opportunities for Container Port', Cargo Systems
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Booz-Allen-Hamilton(2002), Pusan Newport Market Analysis
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Containerisatiort International Yearbook 2004
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For the trans-Pacific, the New World Alliance has Qingdao in the Guam China Express, which swings through Guam, Naha, then into Qingdao before calling at Busan and a handful of Japanese ports. On the Grand Alliance network, Qingdao gets visited together with Shanghai and Ningbo on the China Korea Express with a 12-day transit time to Los Angeles. CMA-CGM patronises Qingdao with the North China Express service to Europe, which also picks up cargo in Dalian and Tianjin. Evergreen has added Qingdao as a port of call in its second direct service through affiliate Lloyd Triestino. A port rotation of Shanghai, Qingdao, Busan, Hakata, Nagoya, Tacoma, Vancouver, and Shanghai is covered with five ships. Hanjin takes slots on K Line's KPS service which starts in Qingdao, then trades through Shanghai, Kobe, Nagoya, Tokyo, Long Beach, Oakland, Nagoya, and Qingdao 〱㘵ⴰㄱ㐀 ㈶ ㌀
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In order to ensure that pure comparisons were, OSC examines the total cost paid by the ultimate customer. The total cost includes a basic lift rate, marshalling, and the average cost of supplementary services(e.g., overtime, hatch cover operations, re-handling charges, weighing fees). These supplementary fees can exceed 40 percent of the basic charge
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UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific(ESCAP) Report
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Containerisation International
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Garcia, J.(2004), 'Box ship order book reaches all time high', Contaienrisation International Yearbook 2004, PP.6-7
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Avery, P.(2000), 'Strategies for Container Port', a Cargo Systems Report
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