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Proinflammatory Effects of High Mobility Group B1 (HMGB1) Versus LPS and the Mechanism of IL-8 Promoter Stimulation by HMGB1  

Jeon, Eun Ju (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Kwak, Hee Won (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Song, Ju Han (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Lee, Young Woo (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Chung, Jae Woo (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Choi, Jae Chul (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Shin, Jong Wook (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Park, In Won (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Choi, Byoung Whui (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Kim, Jae Yeol (Department of Internal Medicine, ChungAng University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases / v.62, no.4, 2007 , pp. 299-307 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a novel, late mediator of inflammation. This study compared the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS and HMGB1. The transcriptional factors that play an important role in mediating the HMGB1-induced stimulation of IL-8 were also evaluated. Methods: RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with either LPS (100 ng/ml) or HMGB1 (500 ng/ml). The $TNF-{\alpha}$, MIP-2 and $IL-1{\beta}$ levels in the supernatant were evaluated by ELISA at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24h after stimulation. An acute lung injury was induced by an injection of LPS (5 mg/kg) or HMGB1 (2.5 mg/kg) into the peritoneum of the Balb/c mice. The lung cytokines and MPO activity were measured at 4h (for LPS) or 24h (for HMGB1) after the injection. The transcriptional factor binding sites for NF-IL6, $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-1 in the IL-8 promoter region were artificially mutated. Each mutant was ligated with pIL-6luc and transfected into the RAW264.7 cells. One hour after stimulation with HMGB1 (500 ng/ml), the cell lysate was analyzed for the luciferase activity. Results: The expression of MIP-2, which peaked at 8h with LPS stimulation, increased sequentially until 24h after HMGB1 stimulation. An intraperitoneal injection of HMGB1, which induced a minimal increased in $IL-1{\beta}$ expression, provoked the accumulation of neutrophils the lung. A mutation of AP-1 as well as $NF-{\kappa}B$ in the IL-8 promoter region resulted in a lower luciferase activity after HMGB1 stimulation. Conclusion: The proinflammatory effects of HMGB1, particularly on IL-8, are mediated by both $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-1.
Keywords
HMGB1; LPS; $TNF-{\alpha}$; MIP-2; $IL-1{\beta}$; MPO; $NF-{\kappa}B$; AP-1;
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