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Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor  

Kim, Jeong Pyo (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Lee, Sang Haak (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Kwon, Soon Seog (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Kim, Young Kyun (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Kim, Kwan Hyoung (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Song, Jeong Sup (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Park, Sung Hak (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Moon, Hwa Sik (Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases / v.56, no.4, 2004 , pp. 364-373 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background : Obstructive sleep apnea is a contributory factor of hypertension, arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. However, the pathophysiology underlying this relationship is unclear. Recent reports have shown that the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) are involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, and some reports state that increased levels of these cytokines are found in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. In this study, the levels of sICAM-1 and VEGF were measured in patients with obstructive sleep apnea in order to determine if obstructive sleep apnea is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Methods : Thirty-seven patients were chosen amongst a population who visited the Sleep Disorders Clinic of St. Paul's Hospital in Seoul, Korea for a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and who had subsequently undergone an overnight polysomnography at the clinic. The sera from these patients were retrieved after an overnight polysomnography session and the samples were kept at $-70^{\circ}C$. The cytokine levels were determined with ELISA and the relationships between the serum levels of sICAM-1 and VEGF along with polysomnography parameters were analyzed. Results : No statistically significant correlation was observed between the sICAM-1 levels and the apnea-hypopnea index(r=0.27, P>0.05). Positive correlations were found between the apnea-hypopnea index and serum VEGF levels (r=0.50, P<0.01), the apnea index and the serum sICAM-1 levels (r=0.31, P<0.01), and the apnea index and the serum VEGF levels (r=0.45, P<0.01). Conclusions : Obstructive apnea or hypopnea leads to an increase in the sICAM-1 and VEGF levels. Such an increase in the cytokine levels most likely leads to the higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Keywords
Obstructive sleep apnea; Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; Vascular endothelial growth factor;
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