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Diagnostic value of C-reactive Protein and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Differentiation of Pleural Effusions  

Kim, Sang Ha (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Lee, Won Yeon (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Park, Joo Young (Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Park, Hyun Sook (Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Han, Hye-Kyoung (Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Ju, Hun Su (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Hong, Tae Won (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Lee, Nak Won (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Shin, Kye Chul (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Yong, Suk Joong (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases / v.55, no.5, 2003 , pp. 467-477 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background : Pleural effusions are generally divided into transudates and exudates. If it is exudative, more diagnostic tests are required in order to determine the cause of the local disease. A malignancy is a common and important cause of exudative pleural effusions. Because the pleural fluid cytology and pleural biopsy specimens do not provide a diagnosis in a high percentage of malignant effusions, several tumor markers have been examined. In order to overcome this limitation, this study hypothesized that C-reactive protein(CRP) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) measurements would be useful for differentiating trasudates from exudates and determining the differences between a benign and malignant effusion. Methods : Eighty consecutive patients with a pleural effusion (tuberculous 20, parapneumonic 20, malignant 20, transudative 20) were examined prospectively: 60 of them were classified according to Light's criteria as having an exudative fluid and 20 had a transudative fluid. The standard parameters of a pleural effusion were examined and the serum and pleural effusion VEGF levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). CRP in the serum and pleural fluid was determined by a turbidimetric immunoassay. Results : The pleural CRP levels in the exudates were significantly higher than those in the transudates, $4.19{\pm}4.22mg/d{\ell}$ and $1.29{\pm}1.45mg/d{\ell}$, respectively. The VEGF levels in the pleural effusions were significantly elevated in the exudates compared to the transudate, $1,011{\pm}1,055pg/m{\ell}$ and $389{\pm}325pg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The VEGF ratio in the exudative effusion is significantly higher than a transudative effusions, $3.9{\pm}4.7$ and $1.6{\pm}0.9$, respectively. The pleural CRP levels in the patients with a benign effusion($4.15{\pm}4.20mg/d{\ell}$) were significantly higher than those in the malignant effusion($1.43{\pm}1.91mg/d{\ell}$). The VEGF ratio is significantly higher in malignant effusions($4.9{\pm}5.5$) than in benign effusions($2.8{\pm}3.6$). Conclusion : In conclusion, the CRP and VEGF levels in the serum and pleural effusion can distinguish between transudates and exudates. Moreover it can differentiate between benign and malignant pleural effusions.
Keywords
C-reactive protein; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Pleural effusion; Malignant;
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