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http://dx.doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.4.266

The effect of melatonin on prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: an animal study in rats  

Yadegari, Afshin (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University)
Aminzadeh, Atousa (Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University)
Seyyedkhamesi, Sam (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University)
Aminian, Maedeh (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Science)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons / v.46, no.4, 2020 , pp. 266-274 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: Melatonin induces human stem cells, converts pre-osteoblasts to mature osteoblasts, and reduces the duration of this transition. However, melatonin itself prevents activation of osteoclasts. Here, we evaluate the role of melatonin in prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Materials and Methods: In this experimental-interventional study, 30 rats were evaluated in 3 groups. The first and second groups received saline and zoledronic acid, respectively, for 4 weeks and the third group received 4 weeks of zoledronic acid and 3 weeks of melatonin simultaneously. First-right-maxillary-molar extraction was performed for all animals, which were sacrificed after 4 weeks of recovery. The extraction sockets were examined histologically for the presence of osteonecrosis, number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts, severity of inflammation, and vascularization. Data were analyzed by chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact statistical tests (α=0.05). Results: Osteonecrosis was observed in 20%, 90%, and 70% of the first, second and third groups, respectively (P=0.008). The lowest number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts was seen in the third group. Conclusion: Melatonin may effectively prevent some undesirable side effects of bisphosphonates. However, further studies are required to confirm the results of this study.
Keywords
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw; Diphosphonates; Melatonin;
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