Browse > Article

Topical Application of Clonazepam to Burning Mouth Syndrome  

Shim, Young-Joo (Department of orofacial pain and oral medicine, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
Choi, Jong-Hoon (Department of orofacial pain and oral medicine, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
Ahn, Hyung-Joon (Department of orofacial pain and oral medicine, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
Kwon, Jeong-Seung (Department of orofacial pain and oral medicine, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain / v.34, no.4, 2009 , pp. 429-433 More about this Journal
Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as burning pain in the tongue or other oral mucous membrane associated with normal sign and laboratory findings at least 4 to 6 months. There are many factors that affect this condition and the pain characters are various among the sufferers, so it is difficult to diagnose exactly and treat properly. The cause of BMS is currently unknown. The etiology is presumed to be that it is related with local, systemic and psychogenic factor. The BMS is related with local factor such as allergic reaction, oral fungal infection(candidiasis), parafunctional oral habits and systemic factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, nutritional deficiencies(vitamin $B_{12}$, folic acid), hyposalivation and psychogenic factor such as depression, anxiety, cancerphobia. So clinicians must be aware of these factors and can give proper treatment options to patients. The management of BMS are pharmacologic management, cognitive behavioral therapy and psychotherapy treatment. Clonazepam, gabapentin, amitriptyline, alpha-lipoic acid and capsaicin are used to manage the BMS. Among these, topical clonazepam is reported that the effect is higher than systemic medication and the complications are rare. This case report is about some cases of the effect of topical clonazepam on BMS.
Keywords
Burning mouth syndrome; Clonazepam; Neuroactive steroid;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Klasser GD, Fischer DJ, Epstein JB. Burning mouth syndrome. Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 2008;20:255-271   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Carey Rivinius. Burning mouth syndrome : indentification, diagnosis, and treatment. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2009;21(8):423-9   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
3 Woda A, Dao T, Gremeau-Richard C et al. Steroid dysregulation and stomatodynia(Burning mouth syndrome). J Orofac Pain 2009;23(3):202-210   PUBMED
4 Grushka M, Ching V, Epstein J. Burning mouth syndrome. Adv Otorhinolarygol 2006;63:278-287   DOI
5 Crispian Scully. Oral and maxillofacial medicine. 2nd ed., Philadelphia, 2008, Churchill livingstone Elsevier, pp. 171-176
6 Gremeau-Richard C, Woda A, Marie LN, Attal N et al. Topical clonazepam in stomatodynia : a randomized placebo-controlled study. Pain 2004;108:51-57   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Grinspan D, Fernandez Blanco G, Allevato MA et al. Burning mouth syndrome. Int J Dermatol 1995;34(7):483-487   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Woda A, Navez ML, Picad P, Gremeau C, Pichard-Leandri E. A possible therapeutic solution for stomatodynia(Burning mouth syndrome). J Orofac Pain 1998;12(4):272-278   PUBMED
9 Maria PMS, Cesar SL, Francisco J, Silvestre D. Pharmacological treatment of burning mouth syndrome : A review and update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12:299-304   PUBMED
10 Grushka M. Clinical features of burning mouth syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987;63 (1):30-36   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
11 Patton LL, Siegel MA, Benoliel R, Laat AD. Management of burning mouth syndrome : systemic review and management recommendations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103(suppl 1): S39.e1-S39   DOI   ScienceOn