Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2014.39C.3.264

A Survey of Time Synchronization Techniques in Underwater Acoustic Networks  

Cho, A-Ra (한국해양과학기술원 선박플랜트연구소 해양시스템연구부)
Yun, Changho (한국해양과학기술원 선박플랜트연구소 해양시스템연구부)
Lim, Yong-Kon (한국해양과학기술원 선박플랜트연구소 해양시스템연구부)
Publication Information
The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences / v.39C, no.3, 2014 , pp. 264-274 More about this Journal
Abstract
Time synchronization becomes a critical issue in underwater acoustic networks (UANets) because nodes cooperate together or individually work by communicating each other in diverse underwater applications. Compared with the time synchronization approaches in terrestrial networks, several intrinsic limitations of UANets (e.g., the unavailability of GPS, long propagation delay, mobility due to currents, limited energy consumption, or low data rate) need to be considered in synchronizing the timing among underwater nodes. For the purpose of developing more efficient time synchronization protocols for UANets, we review the existing approaches, which estimate both the clock offset and the clock skew of underwater nodes. Finally, we outline the state-of-the art time synchronization protocols for UANets by comparing and summarizing them according to their synchronization characteristics.
Keywords
Underwater acoustic networks; Time synchronization; Clock offset; Clock skew; Propagation delay;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 A. Syed and J. Heidemann. "Time synchronization for high latency acoustic networks," in Proc. IEEE Infocom, Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2006.
2 S. K. Kim, S. J. Park, and Y. H. Yoo, "Time Synchronization with Oceanic Movement Pattern in Underwater Wireless Networks," The J. Korea Inf. and Comm. Society (KICS), vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 486-496, May 2013.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
3 J. Liu, Z. Wang, Z. Peng, M. Zuba, J.-H. Cui, and S. Zhou, "JSL: Joint time synchronization and localization design with stratification compensation in mobile underwater sensor networks," IEEE Commun. Soc. Conf. Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Commun. Netw. (SECON), pp. 317-325, Jun. 2012.
4 C. R. Berger, S. Zhou, P. Willett, and L. Liu, "Stratification effect compensation for improved underwater acoustic ranging," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 539-546, 2008.
5 A. R. Cho, C. Y. Yun, J. W. Park, and Y. K. Lim, "Mobile nodes based adaptable TDMA for clustered underwater acoustic network," in Proc. KICS Int. Conf. Commun. 2009 (KICS ICC 2009), pp. 282-283, Korea, Jun. 2009.
6 J. V. Greunen and J. Rabaey, "Lightweight time synchronization for sensor networks," ACM WSNA, pp. 11-19, San Diego, CA, Sept. 2003.
7 J. Heidemann, W. Ye, J. Wills, A. Syed, and Y. Li., "Research challenges and applications for underwater sensor networking," IEEE Wireless Commun. Netw. Conf., pp. 228-235, Washington, 2006.
8 N. Chirdchoo, W. S. Soh, K. C. Chua, "MU-Sync: A time synchronization protocol for underwater mobile networks," in Proc. WUWNet'08, pp. 35-42, 2008.
9 J. Liu, Z. Zhou, Z. Peng, and J-H. Cui, "Mobi-Sync: Efficient time synchronization for mobile underwater sensor networks," IEEE Trans. on Parallel and Distributed Syst., Vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 406-416, Feb. 2013.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 F. Lu, D. Mirza, and C. Schurger, "D-Sync: Doppler based time synchronization for mobile underwater sensor networks," ACM WUWNET, Woods Hole, MA, 2010.
11 J. Liu, Z. Wang, M. Zuba, Z. Peng, J. Cui, and S. Zhou, "DA-SYNC: A doppler assisted time synchronization scheme for mobile underwater sensor networks," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 13. no. 3, pp. 582-595, Mar. 2014.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 M. Marooti, B. Kusy, G. Simon, and A. Ledeczi, "The flooding time synchronization protocol," ACM SenSys, pp. 39-49, Baltimore, Maryland, 2004,
13 J. Liu, Z. Wang, Z. Peng, M. Zuba, J.-H. Cui, and S. Zhou, "TSMU: A time synchronization scheme for mobile underwater sensor networks," IEEE GLOBECOM, pp. 1-6, Dec. 2011.
14 I-K. Rhee, J. Lee, J. Kim, E. Serpedin, and Y.C. Wu, "Clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks: an overview," Sensors, vol. 9, pp. 56-85, Jan, 2009.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 B. Sundararaman, U. Buy, and A. D. Kshemkalyani, "Clock synchronization for wireless sensor networks: A survey," Ad Hoc Netw. vol. 3, pp. 281-323, May 2005.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 C. Y. Yun, J. W. Park, Y. C. Choi, A. R. Cho, and Y. K. Lim, "Clustered TDMA (CTDMA) MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks," in Proc. KICS Int. Conf. Commun. 2009 (KICS ICC 2009), pp. 266-267, Korea, Jun. 2009.
17 P. Ranganathan and K. Nygard, "Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks: A survey," Int. J. UbiComp, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 92-102, Apr. 2010.   DOI
18 J. Elson, L. Girod, and D. Estrin, "Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts," in 5th symp. Operating systems design and implementation, Digital Library, pp. 147-163, New York, 2002.
19 S. Ganeriwal, R. Kumar, and M. Srivastava, "Timing sync protocol for sensor networks," ACM SenSys, Los Angeles, Nov. 2003.