Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2012.37A.10.809

Adaptive Threshold Detection Using Expectation-Maximization Algorithm for Multi-Level Holographic Data Storage  

Kim, Jinyoung (숭실대학교 정보통신전자공학부 정보저장 및 통신 연구실)
Lee, Jaejin (숭실대학교 정보통신전자공학부 정보저장 및 통신 연구실)
Abstract
We propose an adaptive threshold detector algorithm for multi-level holographic data storage based on the expectation-maximization (EM) method. In this paper, the signal intensities that are passed through the four-level holographic channel are modeled as a four Gaussian mixture with unknown DC offsets and the threshold levels are estimated based on the maximum likelihood criterion. We compare the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed algorithm with the non-adaptive threshold detection algorithm for various levels of DC offset and misalignments. Our proposed algorithm shows consistently acceptable performance when the DC offset variance is fixed or the misalignments are lower than 20%. When the DC offset varies with each page, the BER of the proposed method is acceptable when the misalignments are lower than 10% and DC offset variance is 0.001.
Keywords
Adaptive threshold detector; DC offset; Expectation maximization; Misalignments; Multi-level holographic data storage;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 M. Keskinoz and B. V. K. V. Kumar, "Efficient modeling of volume holographic storage channels (VHSC)," Proc. SPIE, vol. 4090, no. 1, pp. 205-210, Jan. 2000.
2 D. E. Pansatiankul and A. A. Sawchuk, "Multi-dimensional modulation codes and error correction for page-oriented optical data storage," Proc. SPIE, vol. 4342, pp. 393-400, 2002.
3 G. Yang, J. Kim, and J. Lee, "Mis-alignment channel performance of error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage," J. KICS, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 971-976, Dec. 2010.
4 C. N. Georghiades and D. L. Snyder, "The expectation-maximization algorithm for symbol unsynchronized sequence detection," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 54-61, Jan. 1991.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 M. Feder and A. Catipovic, "Algorithms for joint channel estimation and data recovery-application to equalization in underwater communications," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 42-55, Jan. 1991.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 R. L. Rabiner, "A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition," Proc. the IEEE, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 257-286, Feb. 1989.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 T.-H. Chao, U.S. Patent 20070211322A1, 2007.
8 X. A. Shen, A.-D. Nguyen, J. W. Perry, D. L. Huestis, and R. Kachru, "Time-domain holographic digital memory," Science, vol. 278, no. 1, pp. 96-100, Jan. 1997.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 U. Wachsmann, R. F. H. Fischer, and J. B. Huber, "Multilevel codes: theoretical concepts and practical design rules," IEEE Trans. Info. Th., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 1361-1391, Apr. 1999.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 J. Kim, J. Wee, and J. Lee, "Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 08KB04, Aug. 2010.   DOI
11 A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, and D. B. Rubin, "Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm," J. R. Stat. Soc., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1-38, Jan. 1977.
12 L. E. Baum, T. Petrie, G. Soules, and N. Weiss, "A maximization technique occurring in the statistical analysis of probabilistic functions of markov chains," Ann. Math. Stat., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 164-171, Feb. 1970.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 G. K. Kaleh and R. Vallet, "Joint parameter estimation and symbol detection for linear or nonlinear unknown channels," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 2406-2413, July 1994.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 S. G. Srinivasa, O. Momtahan, A. Karbaschi, S. W. McLaughlin, A. Adibi, and F. Fekri, "M-ary, binary, and space-volume multiplexing trade-offs for holographic channels," Proc. IEEE Globecom 2006, pp. 1-5, 2006.