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A Blind Watermarking Algorithm using CABAC for H.264/AVC Main Profile  

Seo, Young-Ho (한성대학교 정보통신공학과)
Choi, Hyun-Jun (광운대학교 전자재료공학과)
Lee, Chang-Yeul (광운대학교 전자재료공학과)
Kim, Dong-Wook (광운대학교 전자재료공학과)
Publication Information
The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences / v.32, no.2C, 2007 , pp. 181-188 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper proposed a watermark embedding/extracting method using CABAC(Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) which is the entropy encoder for the main profile of MPEG-4 Part 10 H.264/AVC. This algorithm selects the blocks and the coefficients in a block on the bases of the contexts extracted from the relationship to the adjacent blocks and coefficients. A watermark bit is embedded without any modification of coefficient or with replacing the LSB(Least Significant Bit) of the coefficient with a watermark bit by considering both the absolute value of the selected coefficient and the watermark bit. Therefore, it makes it hard for an attacker to find out the watermarked locations. By selecting a few coefficients near the DC coefficient according to the contexts, this algorithm satisfies the robustness requirement. From the results from experiments with various kinds and various strengths of attacks the maximum error ratio of the extracted watermark was 5.02% in maximum, which makes certain that the proposed algorithm has very high level of robustness. Because it embeds the watermark during the context modeling and binarization process of CABAC, the additional amount of calculation for locating and selecting the coefficients to embed watermark is very small. Consequently, it is highly expected that it is very useful in the application area that the video must be compressed right after acquisition.
Keywords
Watermarking; H.264/AVC; CABAC; Blind watermarking;
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