[KSCI] Korea Science Citation Index Service

http://dx.doi.org/10.7853/kjvs.2022.45.3.145

Prevalence study of respiratory pathogens in Korean cats using real-time polymerase chain reaction

Lee, Mi-Jin (Mammidr Corporation)
Park, Jin-ho (Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University)

Publication Information

Korean Journal of Veterinary Service / v.45, no.3, 2022 , pp. 145-153 More about this Journal

Abstract

Pathogens such as feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Chlamydia felis, Mycoplasma felis and Pasteurella multocida usually cause feline upper respiratory tract disease (URTD). Real-time PCR was used to analyze the detection and prevalence of the most common respiratory pathogens in cats with (n=69) and without respiratory signs (n=31). Pathogens were detected in 53 cats, divided into 37 (69.8%) with a single pathogen, 15 (28.3%) with two pathogens, and 1 (1.9%) with three pathogens. M. felis had the highest detection rate in 29 (42.0%) cats, P. multocida was detected in 18 (26.1%), FHV in 10 (14.5%), FCV in 7 (10.1%), B. bronchiseptica in 3 (4.3%), and C. felis in 2 (2.9%). M. felis was the most frequently detected pathogen in cats living outdoors without vaccination. Of the 37 cats infected with single pathogen, nasal discharge was observed in 13 (35.1%), ocular signs in 6 (16.2%), drooling in 5 (13.5%), dyspnea in 3 (8.1%), and asymptomatic in 10 (27.0%). In 51 outdoor and 49 indoor cats, pathogens were detected in 35 (68.6%) and 18 (36.7%) cats, respectively. Of the 29 cats infected with M. felis, 22 (75.9%) showed respiratory signs, and 7 (24.1%) were healthy. In the age of the 53 positive cats, 10 (18.9%) were under the age of 1 year, 26 (49.1%) were aged 1~3 years, and 17 (32.1%) were aged 3 years or older. Although the number of cats in the study was small, the results can provide valuable data on the prevalence of URTD in Korean cats.

Keywords

Korean cat; Respiratory system; Pathogen; Real-time PCR; Prevalence study;

Citations & Related Records

Reference

1	Kuhnert P, Christensen H. 2008. Pasteurellaceae: biology, genomics and molecular aspects. Norfolk: Caister Academic Press.
2	Lappin MR, Blondeau J, Boothe D, Breitschwerdt EB, Guardabassi L, Lloyd DH, Papich MG, Rankin SC, Sykes JE, Turnidge J, Weese JS. 2017. Antimicrobial use guidelines for treatment of respiratory tract disease in dogs and cats: Antimicrobial Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases. J Vet Intern Med 31: 279-294. DOI
3	Litster A, Wu CC, Leutenegger CM. 2015. Detection of feline upper respiratory tract disease pathogens using a commercially available real-time PCR test. Vet J 206(2): 149-153. DOI
4	Berger A, Willi B, Meli ML, Boretti FS, Hartnack S, Dreyfus A, Lutz H, Hofmann-Lehmann R. 2015. Feline calicivirus and other respiratory pathogens in cats with Feline calicivirus-related symptoms and in clinically healthy cats in Switzerland. BMC Vet Res 11: 282-294. DOI
5	Cao Y, Fukushi H, Koyasu S, Kuroda E, Yamaguchi T, Hirai K. 2002. An Etiological Investigation of Domestic Cats with Conjunctivitis and Upper Respiratory Tract Disease in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 64(3): 215-219. DOI
6	Egberink H, Addie D, Belak S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, THiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. 2009. Borde- tella bronchiseptica infection in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 11(7): 610-614. DOI
7	Ewers C, Lubke-Becker A, Bethe A, Kiebling S, Filter M, Wieler LH. 2006. Virulence genotype of Pasteurell multocida strains isolated from different hosts with various disese status. Vet Microbiol 114(3-4): 304-317. DOI
8	Gong XH, Wu HY, Li J, Xiao WJ, Zhang X, Chen M, Teng Z, Pan H, Yuan ZA. 2018. Epidemiology, aetiology and seasonality of infectious diarrhea in adult out-patients through active surveillance in Shanghai, China, 2012-2016: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 8(9): e019699. DOI
9	Gruffydd-Jones T, Addie D, Belak S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Tryuen U, Horzinek MC. 2009. Chla- mydophila felis infection: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 11(7): 605-609. DOI
10	Helps CR, Lait P, Damhuis A, Bjornehammar U, Bolta D, Brovida C, Chabanne L, Egberink H, Ferrand G, Fontbonne A, Pennisi MG, Gruffydd-Jones T, Gunn-Morre D, Hartmann K, Lutz H, Malandain E, Mostl K, Stengel C, Harbour DA, Graat EAM. 2005. Factors associated with upper respiratory tract disease caused by feline herpesviurs, feline calicivirus, Chlamydophila felis and Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats: experience from 218 European catteries. Vet Rec 156: 669-673. DOI
11	Holst BS, Hanas S, Berndtsson LT, Hansson I, Soderlund R, Aspan A, Sjodahl-Essen T, Bolske G, Greko C. 2010. Infectious causes for feline upper respiratory tract disease-a case-control study. J Feline Med Surg 12(10): 783-789. DOI
12	Hong S, Lee HY, Kim TW, Kim O. 2015. Detection of Mycoplasma felis from the kenneled cats with pneumonia. Korean J Vet Serv 38(1): 31-36. DOI
13	Kang BT, Park HM. 2008. Prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and Chlamydophila felis in clinically normal cats at a Korean animal shelter. J Vet Sci 9(2): 207-209. DOI
14	Schulz C, Hartmann K, Mueller RS, Helps C, Schulz BS. 2015. Sampling sites for detection of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus and Chlamydia felis in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease. J Feline Med Surg 17(12): 1012-1019. DOI
15	Lloret A, Egberink H, Addie D, Belak S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Mostl K, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. 2013. Pasteurella multocida infection in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 15(7): 570-572. DOI
16	Lobova D, Kleinova V, Konvalinova J, Cerna P, Molinkova D. 2019. Laboratory diagnostics of selected feline respiratory pathogens and their prevalence in the Czech Republic. Vet Med 64: 25-32. DOI
17	Low HC, Powell CC, Veir JK, Hawley JR, Lappin MR. 2007. Prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1, Chlamydophila felis, and Mycoplasma spp. DNA in conjunctival cells collected from cats with and without conjunctivitis. Am J Vet Res 68(6): 643-648. DOI
18	Maazi N, Jamshidi S, Kayhani P, Momtaz H. 2016. Occurrence of Chlamydophila felis, feline herpesvirus 1 and calicivirus in domestic cats of Iran. Iran J Microbiol 8(5): 312-315.
19	Mostl K, Addie DD, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. 2015. Something old, something new: Update of the 2009 and 2013 ABCD guidelines on prevention and management of feline infectious diseases. J Feline Med Surg 17(7): 570-582. DOI
20	Sykes JE, Anderson GA, Studdert VP, Browning GF. 1999. Prevalence of Feline Chlamydia psittaci and Feline Herpesvirus 1 in Cats with Upper Respiratory Tract Disease. J Vet Intern Med 13: 153-162. DOI
21	Sykes JE. 2014. Feline respiratory viral infections. In: Sykes JE (ed.): Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases. pp. 239-251. Saunders.
22	Walter J, Foley P, Yason C, Vanderstichel R, Muckle A. 2020. Prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, Chlamydia felis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica in a population of shelter cats on Prince Edward Island. Can J Vet Res 84: 181-188.