Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7586/jkbns.2022.24.4.227

Efficacy of Forest-Thermal Combined Therapy for Anxiety and Stress among Smoking-Cessation Attempters  

Chae, Youngran (College of Nursing, Kangwon National University)
Lee, Sunhee (Department of Nursing, Daewon University College)
Kim, So-yeon (Department of Forest Healing, Catholic Kwandong University)
Choi, Jungkee (Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science / v.24, no.4, 2022 , pp. 227-234 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: Smoking is a way of coping with anxiety and stress. This study aimed to identify the effects of forest-thermal combined therapy on anxiety and depression in smokers who desire to quit smoking. Methods: Thirty participants were included in the study, 15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. Those in the experimental group participated in a three-day forest-thermal combined therapy program. The program includes forest walks, meditation and thermal therapy in the charcoal kiln. Results: Before and after the program, physiological indicators such as cortisol, heart rate variability, and serotonin anxiety level using the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), and stress level using the psychosocial well-being index (PWI) were measured in both groups. The differences in STAI (p=.012) and PWI (p=.006) scores between the experimental and control groups were statistically significant. However, cortisol, heart rate variability, and serotonin were not significantly different between the two groups after the program. Conclusion: These results show that forest-thermal combination therapy effectively reduces anxiety and stress in smokers. It suggests that forest-thermal therapy can potentially increase smoking cessation rates.
Keywords
Anxiety; Forest; Stress; Thermotherapy; Smoking;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Tsunetsugu Y, Park BJ, Lee J, Kagawa T, Miyazaki Y. Psychological relaxation effect of forest therapy: results of field experiments in 19 forests in Japan involving 228 participants. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2011;66(4):670-676. https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.66.670   DOI
2 Laukkanen JA, Laukkanen T, Kunutsor SK. Cardiovascular and other health benefits of sauna bathing: a review of the evidence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2018;93(8):1111-1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.008   DOI
3 Cho EH, Kim NH, Kim HC, Yang YH, Kim J. Hwang B. Dry sauna therapy is beneficial for patients with low back pain. Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2019;14(4):474-479. https://doi.org/10.17085/apm.2019.14.4.474   DOI
4 Park, M. Professor Baek Woo-hyun discovered the beneficial effects of far-infrared radiation in yellow ocher clay-it even revives life. Samtoh. 1997;28(11):10-14.
5 Hayasaka S, Nakamura Y, Kajii E, Ide M, Shibata Y, Noda T, et al. Effects of charcoal kiln saunas (Jjimjilbang) on psychological states. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2008;14(2):143-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2007.12.004   DOI
6 Jang S. Standardization of health data collection and measurement for statistical analysis (Stress). 1st ed. Seoul: Gyechuk Munhwasa; 2000. p. 92-143.
7 Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the general health questionnaire. Psychological Medicine. 1979;9(1):139-145. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700021644   DOI
8 Spielberger CD, Gonzales-Reigosa F, Martinez-Urrutia A, Natalicio LFS, Natalicio DS. Development of the Spanish edition of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. International Journal of Psychology. 1971;5:145-158.   DOI
9 Kim JT, Shin DK. A study based on the standardization of the STAI for Korea. The New Medical Journal. 1978;21(11):69-75.
10 Svenningsson P, Chergui K, Rachleff I, Flajolet M, Zhang X, El Yacoubi M, et al. Alterations in5-HT1B receptor function by p11 in depression-like states. Science. 2006; 311(5757):77-80. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1117571   DOI
11 Jung WH, Woo J, Ryu JS. Effect of a forest therapy program and the forest environment on female workers' stress. Urban Forestry & Urban Green. 2015;14 (2):274-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.02.004   DOI
12 Lee K, Jung W, Lee S. Association between stress and smoking. Korean Journal of Family Medicine. 2006;27(1):42-48.
13 Byrne DG, Byrne AE, Reinhart MI. Personality, stress and the decision to commence cigarette smoking in adolescence. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1995;39(1):53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(94)00074-F   DOI
14 Parrott AC. Does cigarette smoking cause stress? American Psychological Association. 1999;54(10):817-820. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.817   DOI
15 Fluharty M, Taylor AE, Grabski M, Munafo MR. The association of cigarette smoking with depression and anxiety: a systematic review. Nicotine & Tabacco Research. 2016;19(1):3-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw140   DOI
16 Jeong I, Jun S, Park S, Jung S, Shin T, Yoon H. A research for evaluation on stress change via thermotherapy and massage. 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society; 2008 Aug 20-24; Vancouver, British Columbia. Canada: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2008. p. 4820-4823. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2008.4650292   DOI
17 Statistics Korea [Internet]. Daejeon: Statics Korea; 2022 [cited 2022 March 20]. Available from: https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1SSHE042R&vw_cd=MT_ZTITLE
18 Park SN. A study on anti-stress effect of phytoncides [dissertation]. Daejeon: Daejeon University; 2016.
19 Park BJ, Shin CS, Shin WS, Chung CY, Lee SH, Kim DJ, et al. Effects of forest therapy on health promotion among middle-aged women: focusing on physiological indicators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(12):4348. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124348   DOI
20 Lee DW, Park JH, Eom SN, Kim DW, Cho SH, Ko CY, et al. Effects of combined stimulus on stress relief. Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research. 2012;33(4):194-201.   DOI
21 Kim YH, Lee SH. Smoking cessation. The Korean academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. 2010;69(3):153-162. http://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2010.69.3.153   DOI
22 Statistics Korea. Smoking rate [Internet]. Daejeon: Statics Korea; 2022 [cited 2022 June 5]. Available from: https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=177&tblId=DT_11702_N001
23 Statistics Korea. Smoking rate (OECD) [Internet]. Daejeon: Statics Korea; 2021 [cited 2022 June 5]. Available from: https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_2KAAC04_OECD&conn_path=I
24 Bin SO. Relationship between smoking type and mental health in Korean adults. The Jounal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education. 2020;21(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.35133/kssche.20200531.01   DOI
25 Taylor GM, Lindson N, Farley A, Leinberger-Jabari A, Sawyer K, te Water Naude R, et al. Smoking cessation for improving mental health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021;(3)3:CD013522. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013522.pub2   DOI
26 Kim TS, Kim DJ. The association between smoking and depression. Korean Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2007;18(6):393-398.
27 Picciotto MR., Brunzell DH, Caldarone BJ. Effect of nicotine and nicotinic receptors on anxiety and depression. Neuroreport. 2002;13(9):1097-1106.   DOI
28 Morissette SB, Tull MT, Gulliver SB, Kamholz BW, Zimering RT. Anxiety, anxiety disorders, tobacco use, and nicotine: a critical review of interrelationships. Psychological Buletin. 2007;133(2):245-272. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.245   DOI
29 Oh Y. The national health plan 2030: its purpose and directions of development. Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health. 2021;54(3):173-181. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.198   DOI
30 Statistics Korea. Social survey statistics information report [Internet]. Daejeon: Statistics Korea; 2018. [cited 2022 Oct 1]. Available from: https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1SSHE042R&vw_cd=MT_ZTITLE
31 Kim CH, Seo HG. The factors associated with success of smoking cessation at smoking-cessation clinic. Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine. 2001;22(11): 1603-1611.
32 Lee J, Park BJ, Tsunetsugu Y, Ohira T, Kagawa T, Miyazaki Y. Effect of forest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanese male participants. Public Health. 2011;125(2):93-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2010.09.005   DOI
33 Kleinjan M, Visser AF, Engels R. Examining nicotine craving during abstinence among adolescent smokers: the roles of general perceived stress and temptation-coping strategies. Journal of Substance Use. 2012;17(3):249-259. http://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2011.565110   DOI
34 Mustata A, Motohiro N, John G. Stress response dysregulation and stress-induced analgesia in nicotine dependent men and woman. Biological Psychology. 2013;93(1):1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.12.007   DOI
35 Kim BK, Choi KH, Park IS. Effects of forest walking on stress. Journal of the Korea Eterainment Industry Association. 2014;8(3):391-397. https://doi.org/10.21184/jkeia.2014.09.8.3.391   DOI
36 Tsunetsugu Y, Lee J, Park BJ, Tyrvainen L, Kagawa T, Miyazaki Y. Physiological and psychological effects of viewing urban forest landscapes assessed by multiple measurements. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2013;113:90-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.01.014   DOI
37 Ochiai, H, Ike H, Song C. Kobayashi M, Miura T, Kagawa T, et al. Physiological and psychological effects of a forest therapy program on middle-aged females. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015;12(12):15222-15232. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214984   DOI
38 Li Q, Kawada T. Effect of forest therapy on the human psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune network. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2011;66(4):645-650. https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.66.645   DOI
39 Raherison C, Marjary A, Valpromy B, Prevot S, Fossoux H, Taytard A. Evaluation of smoking cessation success in adults. Respiratory Medicine. 2005;99(10):1303-1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2004.12.002   DOI
40 Sim J, Han NY, Cheong YS, Yoo SM, Park EW. Factors associated with success of smoking cessation at smoking cessation clinic. Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine. 2002;23(3):325-333.